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Cell Metab:揭秘运动减肥真正机制,原来真正的功臣是它!

2018-12-31 Paris 转化医学网

近日,一组来自哥本哈根大学的研究人员在最新一期著名期刊《Cell Metabolism》发表一篇重磅研究文章揭示了其中的奥秘:信号分子IL-6在脂质分解过程中起着关键作用。

近日,一组来自哥本哈根大学的研究人员在最新一期著名期刊《Cell Metabolism》发表一篇重磅研究文章揭示了其中的奥秘:信号分子IL-6在脂质分解过程中起着关键作用。

基于白细胞介素-6调节能量代谢,刺激健康人体内脂肪的分解,并在运动中从骨骼肌中释放出来,研究人员认为它在这一过程中发挥了重要作用。

为了验证他们的假设,研究人员进行了为期12周的自行车运动干预实验,四周接受一次托吡单抗或生理盐水的静脉注射,再加上每周几次45分钟的自行车常规治疗,总共持续了12周。

研究人员使用磁共振成像来评估研究开始和结束时内脏脂肪组织的质量。12周后,实验组的内脏脂肪量明显减少,而对照组却并无改变,这更加证实了他们的假设,因为这种药物(目前已被批准用于治疗类风湿性关节炎)可以阻断白细胞介素-6信号传导。此外,无论是否参加体育活动,托吡单抗治疗都能增加胆固醇水平。
 

在实验组,运动平均减少225g内脏脂肪组织量,而在对照组,托吡单抗也增加了约278g内脏脂肪组织。此外,与安慰剂组相比,无论在实验还是对照组,托吡唑单抗均能增加总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)胆固醇的含量。

肥胖不仅影响形体美观,更会对机体造成诸多不良影响。就在前几天,美国癌症研究协会官方期刊《CA:Clinicians》最新研究报告指出:2012年,全球近4%的癌症(544,300例)或源于肥胖,且有充分证据表明肥胖与13种癌症风险高度相关,包括绝经后乳腺癌直肠癌等。此外还有3种癌症,包括晚期前列腺癌、口腔癌和咽喉癌也可能与肥胖有关。

IL-6不仅与肥胖相关,还与癌症有着千丝万缕的联系。早在14年时便有一项由美国马约医院(Mayo Clinic)针对 2,863 名 18~81 岁癌症幸存者进行的研究(注 1),经过 7 年追踪调查后发现,有接受阻力训练(肌力训练的一种)的癌后病患,死亡风险降低了 33%。

更早之前,一项针对 8,677 名年龄介于 20 至 82 岁之男性的研究显示,卧举、蹬腿力量较大的男性死于癌症比率低了 40%。此结果似乎指出,只要“肌肉强壮”就较不易因癌症死亡。可想而知,愈常运动者的力量自然愈大、体脂肪较低、体型较匀称,血脂也较低,因此身体当然更健康,罹癌风险也较低。

许多类似研究都显示,无论年龄、吸烟、饮酒等健康因子如何,肌肉力量大小本身就足以影响罹癌风险的高低与死亡风险。

其实肌肉是一个内分泌器官,新生成的肌肉在运动收缩后,会分泌上百种细胞激素、生长因子等,统称为“肌肉激素”(myokine)。如同荷尔蒙,这些肌肉激素也会经由血液循环作用于身体其他部位。其中一种肌肉激素是介白素 6 号(interleukin 6,IL-6),有抗发炎作用。

由于慢性发炎会促进癌症发生,IL-6 可能借由抑制发炎反应而减少癌症发生。当 IL-6 作用于脂肪组织时,能促进脂肪分解与消耗,帮助体重控制。由于肥胖也是癌症的危险因子,减少过多体脂肪也能减低罹癌风险。

Wedell-Neergaard表示“据我们所知,这是首次证明白介素-6在调节人类内脏脂肪量方面具有生理作用的研究。”更复杂的是,白细胞介素-6似乎对炎症有相反的作用,例如,白介素-6的长期低水平升高见于严重肥胖、2型糖尿病血管疾病患者。免疫细胞与肌细胞之间的信号传导途径差异很大,导致了促炎症和抗炎作用,因此白介素-6在健康和患病的人群中的作用可能有所不同。

在未来的研究中,研究人员将测试白细胞介素-6是否会影响脂肪或碳水化合物在不同条件下产生能量的可能性。他们还将研究是否有更多的白细胞介素-6(可能作为注射剂使用)单独减少内脏脂肪的量。我们需要对白细胞介素-6的这种作用有更深入的了解,比便进一步发掘它在治疗肥胖方面的真正作用。

原始出处:Anne-Sophie Wedell-Neergaard, Louise Lang Lehrskov, et al. Exercise-Induced Changes in Visceral Adipose Tissue Mass Are Regulated by IL-6 Signaling: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Cell Metab. 27 December 2018

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    2019-02-18 维他命
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    2019-07-07 一闲
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    2019-03-15 guojianrong
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    2018-12-31 CHANGE

    什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?

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关注燃烧卡路里的人群可能听过这些有趣的“吃货小知识”:不管盘里装了多少,我们总是吃掉盘中大约92%的食物;迷信包装上的“低脂”标签可能让我们多吃50%;看悲伤的电影会让我们多吃28%到55%的爆米花……

孕期可以“减肥”吗?

孕期可以“减肥”吗?对于单纯超体重、肥胖和妊娠期糖尿病的孕妇,孕期真的可以减肥。我们可以仔细算一算,某妈孕前体重指数BMI32,孕期前体重82.5kg,分娩时体重85kg,孕期体重增长2.5kg,分娩新生儿重3.8kg,胎盘重600g,产后体重82.3kg。孕期减肥小有成效。

Cell:运动为何能减肥和增强骨骼?首次发现“运动激素”的作用机制

阿尔伯塔大学的科学家在唾液里鉴定出来三种损害认知的阿尔兹海默症生物标志物,这项研究具有广泛的临床应用前景。

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