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时隔7年,被证实有效的艾滋病疫苗再次启程!

2016-11-29 Flora 生物探索

艾滋病的毁灭性在于HIV病毒多变,且主动攻击宿主免疫系统,使其逐步丧失免疫功能从而易感染各种疾病或发生恶性肿瘤,进而威胁人类生命。对于艾滋病最好的防御措施之一是疫苗,它是逆转艾滋病流行的有力武器。但是,目前并没有艾滋病疫苗上市。近期,首个曾备受争议的艾滋病疫苗临床试验正式在南非开展。该试验被称为“HVTN 702”,使用的是一种新型组合型疫苗,将在5400名健康人身上进行,是南非地区进行的最规模的

艾滋病的毁灭性在于HIV病毒多变,且主动攻击宿主免疫系统,使其逐步丧失免疫功能从而易感染各种疾病或发生恶性肿瘤,进而威胁人类生命。对于艾滋病最好的防御措施之一是疫苗,它是逆转艾滋病流行的有力武器。但是,目前并没有艾滋病疫苗上市。

近期,首个曾备受争议的艾滋病疫苗临床试验正式在南非开展。该试验被称为“HVTN 702”,使用的是一种新型组合型疫苗,将在5400名健康人身上进行,是南非地区进行的最规模的HIV疫苗临床项目。

试验负责人之一、美国国立卫生研究院过敏及感染性疾病研究所主任Anthony S. Fauci表示:“纵览目前已有的预防艾滋病策略,都没有完全阻隔病毒的侵略。未来,安全有效的疫苗可能是抵御艾滋病病毒的最后一击。即便是适度有效的疫苗,都能够显著降低HIV感染人数,从而显著减轻艾滋病治疗负担。”

1. HVTN 702试验的“前世”

截止2012年,只有4个艾滋病疫苗项目进入临床后期,其中3个宣告失败,1个总体保护率仅为31.2%。这最后一个“星火”就是HVTN 702试验的“前生”——RV144临床试验。

RV144疫苗是全球首个被证实具有一定保护效果的艾滋病疫苗,属于非复制型载体疫苗,虽然相对安全,但是不能引起诱导足够的免疫反应。早在2003年,美国美国军方HIV研究所和泰国卫生部艾滋病研究中心联合在泰国开展临床试验。2009年,临床试验结果显示,该疫苗能够防御HIV病毒感染。接种后的3.5年随访结果显示,疫苗的保护率为31.2%。

疫苗的作用原理是通过模拟病原体,制造人体受到病毒感染的假象,诱导人体发生免疫反应。由于人体的免疫机制具有“记忆”,待人体受到自然界病毒攻击时,会遵循记忆,诱导出更强有力的免疫反应,对病毒进行抵抗。

虽然不少学者专家对31.2%的结果大失所望,他们认为钱都“打水漂”了,应该投在更有价值的项目上,但是依然有很多研究人员认为,即便RV144疫苗的保护效果有限,但是它依然具有里程碑式的意义。

2. HVTN 702试验的“今生”

时隔7年,在RV144的基础之上进行改良过HVTN 702项目在南非开展,旨在提供更有效、持续的保护。

在南非,HIV感染人数高达600万人,占全球艾滋病患者的19%。HVTN 702试验协议主席、南非医学研究理事会的首席执行官兼主席、南非金山大学儿科教授Glenda Gray 博士表示:“HIV病毒曾给南非带来毁灭性伤害,但是现在我们开始有所作为,所有的科学探索都将带来巨大的希望。如果HIV疫苗被证实有效,它将极大地逆转艾滋病流行现状。”

在RV144试验中,ALVAC-HIV(以金丝雀痘病毒为载体)疫苗和病毒表面蛋白gp120的两种亚基疫苗组成的联合疫苗通过“双管齐下”,被证实能够防御HIV病毒入侵。其中,ALVAC-HIV疫苗由赛诺菲研发,gp120蛋白亚基疫苗由GSK研发。

现在,在HVTN 702中,研究团队对疫苗的研发、设计和成分都进行了改善,以期增加疫苗诱导免疫反应的强度和持续时间,并匹配HIV病毒C亚型(在非洲南部流行的主要病毒种类)。同时,为增加免疫响应,研究团队将蛋白亚基疫苗与MF59佐剂结合。

在HVTN 702启动之前,研究团队开展了临床前试验HVTN 100,证实改良疫苗在252名受试对象体内成功启动了免疫防御,且未出现明显安全性问题。

NIAID研究所负责这一临床2b/3试验的所有执行工作,包括招募未感染HIV的男性和女性(年龄在18-35岁)、在南非15个地区开展疫苗试验。所有受试对象将随机分成两组,分别注射疫苗或者安慰剂,且注射周期为一年5次,预计2020年底将会得到试验结果。

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    2017-09-10 1861ff86b0m

    加油.加油.希望的曙光

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=242678, encodeId=47502426e836, content=加油.加油.希望的曙光, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1c6c2144166, createdName=1861ff86b0m, createdTime=Sun Sep 10 23:45:20 CST 2017, time=2017-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=162271, encodeId=e5e21622e162, content=真是厉害,造福人类啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/xMb6ZO3ywuq1qDlj8Y9s89QX3uvsBJvYqKK0Z97KUgianMia4mN9icEIkvGvoJDNpDbqXpsEst3SjRcecS8OdhFbg/0, createdBy=3b911925301, createdName=The one 00000, createdTime=Mon Dec 12 22:34:23 CST 2016, time=2016-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158950, encodeId=21351589501b, content=希望快点投入使用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161129/IMG583D61B4B08EB5084.jpg, createdBy=89f71988067, createdName=1e19acbam91(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Nov 29 19:39:07 CST 2016, time=2016-11-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158935, encodeId=2cbc158935d2, content=赞一个~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/05/26/5e1df344d663496bdfd43c465d409e2c.jpg, createdBy=bce679058, createdName=sunlong28, createdTime=Tue Nov 29 18:49:20 CST 2016, time=2016-11-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158932, encodeId=27a115893227, content=学习了,呵呵。谢谢!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K4BGdu4COj6QWFqgMd3xnWDdgLZKUGI32veZvO2qFAQvpYr1eMbUOTqMvlZWc3MsugtFMHzxDwial/0, createdBy=88731939304, createdName=圣艮山, createdTime=Tue Nov 29 18:31:57 CST 2016, time=2016-11-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158890, encodeId=b3e71588902d, content=希望能早点普及,消灭hiv, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101296147/6D9C89AB36A71EA450A5729452654834/100, createdBy=b07f1943308, createdName=博雷, createdTime=Tue Nov 29 14:31:44 CST 2016, time=2016-11-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-12-12 The one 00000

    真是厉害,造福人类啊

    0

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    2016-11-29 1e19acbam91(暂无匿称)

    希望快点投入使用

    0

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    2016-11-29 sunlong28

    赞一个~

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=242678, encodeId=47502426e836, content=加油.加油.希望的曙光, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1c6c2144166, createdName=1861ff86b0m, createdTime=Sun Sep 10 23:45:20 CST 2017, time=2017-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=162271, encodeId=e5e21622e162, content=真是厉害,造福人类啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/xMb6ZO3ywuq1qDlj8Y9s89QX3uvsBJvYqKK0Z97KUgianMia4mN9icEIkvGvoJDNpDbqXpsEst3SjRcecS8OdhFbg/0, createdBy=3b911925301, createdName=The one 00000, createdTime=Mon Dec 12 22:34:23 CST 2016, time=2016-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158950, encodeId=21351589501b, content=希望快点投入使用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161129/IMG583D61B4B08EB5084.jpg, createdBy=89f71988067, createdName=1e19acbam91(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Nov 29 19:39:07 CST 2016, time=2016-11-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158935, encodeId=2cbc158935d2, content=赞一个~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/05/26/5e1df344d663496bdfd43c465d409e2c.jpg, createdBy=bce679058, createdName=sunlong28, createdTime=Tue Nov 29 18:49:20 CST 2016, time=2016-11-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158932, encodeId=27a115893227, content=学习了,呵呵。谢谢!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K4BGdu4COj6QWFqgMd3xnWDdgLZKUGI32veZvO2qFAQvpYr1eMbUOTqMvlZWc3MsugtFMHzxDwial/0, createdBy=88731939304, createdName=圣艮山, createdTime=Tue Nov 29 18:31:57 CST 2016, time=2016-11-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158890, encodeId=b3e71588902d, content=希望能早点普及,消灭hiv, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101296147/6D9C89AB36A71EA450A5729452654834/100, createdBy=b07f1943308, createdName=博雷, createdTime=Tue Nov 29 14:31:44 CST 2016, time=2016-11-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-29 圣艮山

    学习了,呵呵。谢谢!!

    0

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    2016-11-29 博雷

    希望能早点普及,消灭hiv

    0

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