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Science:揭示先天免疫系统介导的HIV纳米颗粒免疫原靶向生发中心机制

2019-01-10 佚名 细胞

免疫系统能够识别纳米和微米大小的颗粒(比如病毒和细菌)并对它们作出反应。纳米颗粒经输入淋巴被运送到淋巴组织中,经内化和加工后用于树突细胞的抗原呈递,并且通过B细胞受体(BCR)的结合激活B细胞。免疫识别的这些特征促进人们将纳米颗粒抗原用于许可的疫苗中,比如HPV疫苗和乙肝病毒疫苗,并且在开发新疫苗时促进人们设计纳米颗粒形式的免疫原。对HIV病毒而言,来自临床前动物模型的证据表明相比于单体抗原,纳米

免疫系统能够识别纳米和微米大小的颗粒(比如病毒和细菌)并对它们作出反应。纳米颗粒经输入淋巴被运送到淋巴组织中,经内化和加工后用于树突细胞的抗原呈递,并且通过B细胞受体(BCR)的结合激活B细胞。免疫识别的这些特征促进人们将纳米颗粒抗原用于许可的疫苗中,比如HPV疫苗和乙肝病毒疫苗,并且在开发新疫苗时促进人们设计纳米颗粒形式的免疫原。对HIV病毒而言,来自临床前动物模型的证据表明相比于单体抗原,纳米颗粒HIV免疫原能够更加高效地激活低亲和力的生殖系前体B细胞,促进增强的滤泡辅助T细胞(follicular helper T cell, Tfh)诱导和生发中心反应,并且促进诱导中和抗体反应。然而,人们对这种适应性免疫受到免疫原的物理形式影响的机制仍然知之甚少。

在一项新的研究中,来自美国麻省理工学院等多家研究机构的研究人员比较了两种不同的发生高度糖基化的HIV抗原---一种源自gp120的小蛋白和一种较大的保持稳定的包膜蛋白(Env)三聚体---在以蛋白纳米颗粒形式或者以游离形式存在时在初次免疫后的命运。不同于单体抗原的是,纳米颗粒抗原被快速地运送到滤泡树突细胞(follicular dendritic cell, FDC)网络,随后以依赖于补体、甘露糖结合凝集素(mannose-binding lectin, MBL)和免疫原聚糖(immunogen glycan)的形式聚集在生发中心。相关研究结果于2018年12月20日在线发表在Science期刊上,论文标题为“Innate immune recognition of glycans targets HIV nanoparticle immunogens to germinal centers”。

这些研究人员随后发现在缺乏MBL的小鼠中,免疫原不能定位到FDC细胞中或者让免疫原去糖基化都会显着地影响抗体反应。

这些研究发现揭示出糖基化的纳米颗粒抗原触发MBL介导的先天免疫识别机制,从而导致它们以依赖于补体的形式转运到FDC细胞中,并且随后在体内的生发中心聚集。这种靶向转运与增强的抗体反应相关联,这表明调整免疫原糖基化可能是设计未来的纳米颗粒疫苗或免疫调节剂的关键标准,并且为在抗体事先不存在的情形下免疫原如何定位到FDC细胞中提供了一种解释。这些结果在HIV疫苗开发的背景下尤其令人关注,这是因为在现存的HIV疫苗开发过程中,致密的HIV包膜“聚糖屏障(glycan shield)”通常被视为实现高效的抗体反应的障碍。

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    2019-01-12 jichang
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    2019-01-10 lietome15

    感谢小编为我们准备了如此丰盛的精神大餐,同时也向作者致谢!认真学习了,点赞!

    0

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HIV感染可以增加心衰的发生风险,但是尚无研究评估HIV携带者(PLWH)的裁决性心衰的发生风险。本研究纳入分析了PLWH和无HIV感染的对照,内科医生通过电子病历来对裁决性心衰进行诊断,并分析比较了自动化诊断的心衰和内科医生的裁决性诊断。分析结果显示,4640名HIV携带者中有97名诊断为裁决性心衰,4250名对照中有55名诊断为裁决性心衰(HR:2.10; 95% Cl, 1.38-3.21)

PNAS:中疾控合作团队发现同亚型不同簇HIV-1具不同免疫损伤力及其发生机理

中疾控邵一鸣团队早先报道过中国性传播艾滋病起源于泰国CRF01AE亚型的多个流行簇(C1-C8),引起当前艾滋病流行三大病毒簇包括,在异性人群传播的1簇(C1)和男同性恋(MSM)人群传播的4簇和5簇(C4、C5)。

JCO:HIV感染对肝癌预后的影响

肝细胞癌(HCC)是HIV患者死亡的主要原因,HIV血清阳性可能会影响肝细胞癌患者的预后。JCO近期发表了一篇文章,研究HIV是否影响HCC患者的总生存(OS)。

谁会想到她们是这样感染了HIV

2016年12月30日,农历腊月初二,34名女性在某省城的ZC医院接受了同样的治疗。然而,谁也没有想到,这一场治疗会让34个家庭都没有过好接下来的鸡年春节。由于一个人的工作疏忽,5名女性感染了HIV,其中两人已有孕在身[1]。其余29人也经历了长达半年的随访,她们的生活过得并不平静。或许,这5名无辜的女性怎么也想不到艾滋病居然会离她们那么近。颇受争议的LIT将这34个家庭连在一起的,是一种叫做

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