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Lancet Infect Dis:干预措施可减少耐药菌在ICU的定植传播(MOSAR WP3研究)

2014-01-01 MedSci MedSci原创

ICU是耐药性细菌传播的高发地带,有一些干预措施已经得到公认。但是快速检测和隔离带菌者是否能有效的预防耐药菌的传播,仍缺乏相关的对照性研究。荷兰乌德勒支大学的研究人员联合欧洲多家医院的ICU医疗人员对此进行了研究。研究结果表明:必要干预措施可以减少对抗菌药物耐药的细菌在重症监护病房的定植和传播。该研究成果发表在2014年1月的《柳叶刀:感染性疾病》(Lancet Infect Dis)杂志上。

ICU是耐药性细菌传播的高发地带,有一些干预措施已经得到公认。但是快速检测和隔离带菌者是否能有效的预防耐药菌的传播,仍缺乏相关的对照性研究。荷兰乌德勒支大学的研究人员联合欧洲多家医院的ICU医疗人员对此进行了研究。【原文下载】

研究结果表明:必要干预措施可以减少对抗菌药物耐药的细菌在重症监护病房的定植和传播。该研究成果发表在2014年1月的《柳叶刀:感染性疾病》(Lancet Infect Dis)杂志上。

该研究总共分为三个阶段,在13个ICU中进行。第一阶段为6个月的基线阶段。第二阶段研究了病人接受广泛的氯已定擦体以及医生增强手部卫生清洁对耐药菌的传播的影响。这一阶段的研究为6个月的中断时间序列分析。第三阶段的研究为整群随机试验,该阶段持续12-15个月。

研究人员随机安排各个ICU进行各种病原菌的检测和接触的预防措施。这些检测包括通过一些常规的检测(如化学发光法来检测耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)、耐万古霉素肠球菌(VRE))还有一些快速的检测方法(如PCR法检测MRSA和VRE,化学发光法检测高度耐药的肠杆菌科[HRE])。
主要终点是每100病人一天获得耐药细菌的风险。

根据这些数据加上各项干预措施后,研究人员再计算单因素改变后和因素动态改变的影响。通过微生物的监测,研究人员可以评估耐药菌的传播情况,用多级泊松节段性回归模型来分析这些数据。通过似然比检验,研究人员可以比较联合单因素改变和动态因素改变。

该研究其中七个ICU使用快速的检测方法,六个ICU使用传统的检测方法。平均手部卫生清洁的依从性从第一阶段的52%上升到第二阶段的62%,第三阶段为77%。在第二阶段开始时,接受接受氯已定擦体的病人的百分比从0%上升到100%。

动态试验表明第二阶段的每周发表率(IRR)为0.976(0.954-0.999),第三阶段的每周IRR为1.015(0.998-1.032)。第二阶段每周IRR的下降主要是由于MRSA的发病率的下降(每周IRR为0.925[0.89-0.962])单因素研究发现,第二阶段的每周IRR为0.955(0.676-1.348),第三阶段为0.634(0.349-1.153)。传统检测组的发病率要低于快速检测组,但两者无统计学差异(p=0.06)。

研究表明,手部卫生清洁的加强再加上整个ICU范围病人的氯已定擦体可以下降耐药菌的检出率,特别是MRSA。在高依从性的手部卫生清洁和开放的氯已定擦体的前提下,检测方法和带菌者的隔离与否不会影响耐药菌的检出率。

研究背景

耐药性细菌已经在世界范围内广泛传播。影响ICU的三种主要的高耐药病原菌为耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)、耐万古霉素肠球菌(VRE)、高度耐药的肠杆菌科[HRE](对三代或四代头孢耐药)。对这些耐药菌的传播的控制是当今公共卫生的主要挑战,需要长期大量的工作。

有一些控制措施已经得到公认。坚持标准的预防措施,氯已定擦体,对已知的耐药菌携带者的接触性预防,让带菌者住单人病房,快速将带菌者检测出来并隔离带菌者。但是支持这些干预措施的证据主要是基于小型的类实验研究之上。对ICU病人的广泛的检测耐药菌,然后进行接触性预防,这种干预措施费时又费力,而且存在争议。

总之,该研究提示我们应采取必要干预措施减少抗菌药物耐药的细菌在重症监护病房的定植和传播,其中手部卫生清洁的加强再加上整个ICU范围病人的氯已定擦体可以下降耐药菌的检出率,特别是MRSA。这两种方法是有效的干预措施。

在高依从性的手部卫生清洁和开放的氯已定擦体的前提下,检测方法和带菌者的隔离与否不会影响耐药菌的在ICU的传播。

原始出处:

Lennie P G Derde, Ben S Cooper, Herman Goossens, Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar, Rob J L Willems, Marek Gniadkowski, Waleria Hryniewicz, Joanna Empel, Mirjam J D Dautzenberg, Djillali Annane, Irene Aragão, Annie Chalfine, Uga Dumpis, Francisco Esteves, Helen Giamarellou, Igor Muzlovic, Giuseppe Nardi, George L Petrikkos, Viktorija Tomic, Antonio Torres Martí, Pascal Stammet, Christian Brun-Buisson, Marc J M Bonten, on behalf of the MOSAR WP3 Study Team
Interventions to reduce colonisation and transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in intensive care units: an interrupted time series study and cluster randomised trial.The Lancet Infectious Diseases,2014,14(1): 31 - 39【原文下载】

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    2014-08-09 howi
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    2014-01-03 bioon3
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