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Cell Metab:天下武功,唯快不破!傅肃能组揭示果糖有“毒”的秘密

2020-08-20 “BioArt”微信号 “BioArt”微信号

果糖代谢的最大一个特点就是“快”,而“快”是“毒”的根源。

水果吃多了可能腹泻?静脉注射果糖可能致人休克?长期喝果糖饮料可能得脂肪肝?果糖真的有毒?

2020年8月19日,清华大学生命学院傅肃能课题组在Cell Metabolism上发表了题为Triose Kinase Controls the Lipogenic Potential of Fructose and Dietary Tolerance(三碳糖激酶调控果糖脂肪合成潜力和饮食性果糖不耐受)的研究论文,首次系统地揭示了果糖代谢特征以及三碳糖激酶TK通过调控果糖代谢流向配比影响非酒精性脂肪肝发生和饮食性果糖耐受的机制。该项研究发现,果糖代谢的最大一个特点就是“快”,而“快”是“毒”的根源。

该研究发现,果糖代谢比葡萄糖代谢快5-10倍。果糖代谢绕开了糖原合成酶和果糖磷酸激酶,因而能够长驱直入,进入三羧酸循环,脂肪酸合成,甘油三磷酸合成,以及葡萄糖合成和戊糖磷酸途径。除此之外,果糖代谢还能有效上调脂肪酸合成基因的表达,因而进一步增加脂肪肝发生的风险。

这其实还不是最快的。该项研究发现,如果敲掉果糖代谢的关键限速酶,三碳糖激酶(TK),果糖能够被更加迅速地导入三羧酸循环(TCA Cycle)然后被彻底氧化。造成这个的原因在于果糖本来被TK四平八稳地分配进入多种下游代谢途径,而没有了TK以后果糖被更多地导入氧化磷酸化途径。果糖的大量氧化不仅造成肝细胞很强的氧化应激和炎症反应,还导致小肠细胞的果糖代谢崩盘和肠道吸收不良。最终的结果是,Tk-/-敲除小鼠宁愿硬生生地饿着、渴着,也不愿意再喝一滴果糖水。非常有意思的是,人类走出非洲的过程中,竟然在欧亚大陆上选择性地保留了一个低活性的TK酶。难道是在温带和寒温带的老祖宗们没水果吃吗?

好奇君可能会问,如果果糖这么特殊,为什么我不喝果糖饮料也会长胖呢?这就涉及到该项研究的另一个非常重要的发现:在高糖情况下,葡萄糖会被转化成果糖,然后通过果糖酵解途径推动脂肪酸的合成。如果在小鼠肝脏中敲除Tk基因,遗传性肥胖(ob/ob)和高脂诱导肥胖小鼠(HFD)的脂肪肝都能够得到显着的改善。当然,它们的肝脏并不会因为脂肪肝改善而好过,因为氧化应激导致了大量的炎性细胞浸润。果糖的毒真是无孔不入啊!

诸君可能会问,果糖如果真的这么毒,我是不是得少吃点水果啊?这是个好问题。该项研究提示,果糖更多地扮演着“奖励”的角色,快速代谢给人快速的满足感。怎么算吃多,吃多了好不好的事情,咱们还是得请教营养学家。

清华大学生命科学学院已毕业的2015级直博生刘雷是本论文的第一作者,生命学院2013级博士生李田、廖一烈为该项研究做出了重要贡献。该项工作得到了清华大学生命学院陈晔光院士团队以及中科院上海营养与健康研究所徐书华研究员的帮助。

原始出处:

Lei Liu, et al. Triose Kinase Controls the Lipogenic Potential of Fructose and Dietary Tolerance. Cell Metabolism, 2020.

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    2021-05-04 一闲
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    2021-03-14 guojianrong
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    2020-09-12 爆笑小医
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    2020-08-21 Jessica

    抛开剂量谈效应,都是耍流氓。#水果吃多#

    0

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    2020-08-21 Psycho.Dr Du

    所以,请营养学专家指点,怎么算吃多了呢#水果#😏

    0

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