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治疗黑色素瘤靶向药获批进入中国,专家提醒:不要随便点痣

2017-08-10 董子畅 中国新闻网

治疗“癌中之王”黑色素瘤的靶向药日前获批进入中国,并被纳入《中国黑色素瘤诊治指南(2017版)》,标志着国内黑色素瘤治疗迈入靶向时代。

治疗“癌中之王”黑色素瘤的靶向药日前获批进入中国,并被纳入《中国黑色素瘤诊治指南(2017版)》,标志着国内黑色素瘤治疗迈入靶向时代。

黑色素瘤是皮肤肿瘤中恶性程度最高的瘤种,癌细胞会逐步渗透到皮肤和粘膜中,最终到达血管或淋巴通道,并迅速传播到整个身体和主要器官。一旦发生转移,患者的5年生存率仅为4.6%。由于死亡率高、转移率高、治疗难度大,黑色素瘤被称为“癌中之王”。

据悉,中国黑色素瘤发病率为0.6/10万,属于罕见病,但近年来呈上升趋势。北京大学肿瘤医院副院长、中国抗癌协会临床肿瘤学协作专业委员会(CSCO)黑色素瘤专家委员会主任委员郭军日前在北京表示,与西方不同,中国多发的黑色素瘤特殊类型恶性程度更高。“西方人黑色素瘤多分布在皮肤浅表(称为皮肤型),而中国约50%的黑色素瘤分布于四肢末端的皮肤(称为肢端型),更容易发生移行转移。另外,还有20%为粘膜型,如消化道、鼻腔等,其恶性程度更高,预后很差,而白种人中这一类型患者不到1%。”

究竟是什么导致了黑色素瘤产生,中华医学会肿瘤分会副主委林桐榆介绍,白种人的黑色素瘤多与紫外线过度照射有关,而中国黑色素瘤发病与紫外线照射关系不大,大多与不恰当处理有关,如擅自使用激光、绳勒、盐腌和刀剪等。

“中国患者对黑色素瘤的知晓率仍然很低,大部分患者发现时已是中晚期,错过了最佳治疗时机。”林桐榆表示,有些爱美女性喜欢擅自去美容机构点痣,但她们无法辨别究竟是良性色素痣还是早期的黑色素瘤,若贸然进行了激光或冷冻处理,很可能把原本长在表皮的黑色素瘤带入真皮,引发快速转移。

他建议,当发现色素痣不对称、颜色变化、边缘不整齐、逐渐变大或感觉异常时,应及时就医,千万不能自行处理。一经诊断为黑色素瘤,应及早采取规范治疗。

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    2018-07-14 sunylz
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    2017-08-12 yese
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