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糖尿病周围神经病变,如何自我筛查?

2016-12-17 仝俊雪 糖尿病天地

糖尿病患者合并下肢周围神经病变,分为无痛性神经病变和痛性周围神经病变,这两种情况都会给患者的生活带来巨大的影响。前者因为患者的保护性感觉如痛觉、触觉、位置觉等丧失,因不易察觉小的足部皮肤损伤而导致溃疡出现、加重最后甚至需要截肢。而后者会因为给患者带来剧烈的疼痛如针刺痛、烧灼痛、刀割痛、触电样或钝痛等,给患者的生活和工作造成严重困扰,甚至会导致情绪、心理异常。所以,糖尿病周围神经病变的早期筛查、早期

糖尿病患者合并下肢周围神经病变,分为无痛性神经病变和痛性周围神经病变,这两种情况都会给患者的生活带来巨大的影响。前者因为患者的保护性感觉如痛觉、触觉、位置觉等丧失,因不易察觉小的足部皮肤损伤而导致溃疡出现、加重最后甚至需要截肢。而后者会因为给患者带来剧烈的疼痛如针刺痛、烧灼痛、刀割痛、触电样或钝痛等,给患者的生活和工作造成严重困扰,甚至会导致情绪、心理异常。


所以,糖尿病周围神经病变的早期筛查、早期发现很重要,本文教给大家如何自查,赶紧来学习吧。


足外观观察


1)足底或足趾胼胝(老茧);

2)足部皮肤干燥、汗液减少;

3)足畸形,如锤状趾、爪状趾、夏科关节等。


如果糖尿病患者出现以上体征,提示有下肢神经病变。


10克尼龙丝检查法检测触觉


方法:


a.检查时用10克尼龙单丝和皮肤表面垂直放置;


b.常用位点见图1;


c.均匀用力使单丝变弯曲即可,如图2,此时单丝刚好对脚部产生10克的压力。


图1

图2


大头针检查法检测触觉


方法:


用大头针刺足底第一、第三、第五趾腹部及跖底皮肤,见图3,并感觉疼痛程度。若无痛觉,再刺足外侧及足背皮肤,操作方法见图4。


结果判断:


正常:各部位感觉到轻微疼痛,可以忍受。


减退或消失:有感觉,但感觉不到疼痛或完全无感觉。


过敏:轻触即感觉疼痛,难以忍受。

图3

图4


皮温计检查法


方法:


用分别盛冷水(5~10℃)和热水(40~45℃)玻璃杯接触皮肤,感觉“冷”或“热”。如果患者无明显感觉及比较不出差异,为温度觉消失。

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    2016-12-19 axin012
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    2016-12-18 SAd

    糖尿病患者是越来越多了,早预防早治疗

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