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什么乳腺癌常见而心脏癌症罕见?

2016-08-10 佚名 生物谷

与一些良性癌细胞相比,恶性癌细胞会主动攻击机体的某些器官,这种现象常见于结肠癌或乳腺癌。在一项发表于8月9日《癌症趋势》(Trends in Cancer)杂志上,研究人员表示,某些器官的易损性可能体现了自然选择原则。人类可以容忍肿瘤细胞存在于大型或成对的器官中,但不能容忍肿瘤细胞存在于一些小型关键器官中,如心脏,所以与小型关键器官相比,大型器官在进化过程中,可能包含有较弱的癌细胞抵御机制。

与一些良性癌细胞相比,恶性癌细胞会主动攻击机体的某些器官,这种现象常见于结肠癌乳腺癌。在一项发表于8月9日《癌症趋势》(Trends in Cancer)杂志上,研究人员表示,某些器官的易损性可能体现了自然选择原则。人类可以容忍肿瘤细胞存在于大型或成对的器官中,但不能容忍肿瘤细胞存在于一些小型关键器官中,如心脏,所以与小型关键器官相比,大型器官在进化过程中,可能包含有较弱的癌细胞抵御机制。

“重要器官在维持人类生存以及繁衍方面发挥重要作用,如心脏、大脑或子宫,因此,在其他条件相同的情况下,这些重要器官会享受更好的癌症预防功能,” Frédéric Thomas 表示,他是法国生态和进化癌症研究中心的进化生物学家。“我们并不是解释说,这是不同器官癌症易感性的最重要的影响因素,但它确实是其中的一个影响因素。”

许多肿瘤学家解释不同器官的癌症患病率主要是通过观察外部风险因素,例如吸烟、紫外线照射,或内部因素,如细胞在气管内的分化时间。Thomas 和他的合着者,也是本研究的资深作者、澳大利亚迪肯大学的进化生态学家——Beata Ujvari 表示,现在的进化理论可以加深我们对这一问题的理解。

研究结果表明:自然选择更能够让小型器官获得强有力的抗癌保护,这些小型器官主要在人类生存和繁衍过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。“成对器官的体积往往偏大,因此,可能积累大量的致癌因素,而小型重要器官如胰腺中,仅有内部的少数细胞缺乏抵抗能力,” Thomas 表示。因此,从理论上讲,在所有其他因素相等的情况下,胰腺应该具有比一些大型器官(如肾脏)更好的癌症抵抗能力。不同器官的癌症预防能力不同,但总的来说,他们均具有一定的抗肿瘤形成的能力。

研究者还建议,癌症生物学家应该研究某个初步癌变(少数癌细胞病变)器官在不同环境条件下(如空气含氧量、酸度或含分量),癌变细胞的生长情况。“恶性癌变细胞也是一种生物体,它们不可能不受生态条件的影响,” Thomas 表示。“这可能意味着,某些器官可能更容易受到不良因素的影响,引起细胞病变。”

“这是一个新颖的探索方向,” Thomas 表示。“我们希望这篇文章能够激发研究者们对这一研究方向深入探索的兴趣。”(生物谷Bioon.com)

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    2016-08-14 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

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    2016-08-14 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注

    0

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    2016-08-13 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

    0

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    2016-08-13 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注

    0

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    2016-08-12 syscxl

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