Diabetes：软脂酸/油酸比例与女性糖尿病发病风险呈正相关

相对于富含软脂酸（PA）的食物，富含油酸（OA）的食物与降低2型糖尿病风险相关，但具体机制不明。为此，美国佛蒙特大学研究者Kien CL在年轻人中开展了一项饮食中脂质组学与胰岛素敏感性关系的研究(A Lipidomics Analysis of the Relationship Between Dietary Fatty Acid Composition and Insulin Sensitivity in Young Adults)。研究结论发表在Diabetes 2012年12月刊在线版。Diabetes影响因子为8.1。

该研究共纳入18例试验对象（男女各9例）。采用随机、交叉对比的试验方法，即高软脂酸饮食组与高油酸饮食组（低软脂酸）进行对比。采用静脉葡萄糖耐量试验对胰岛素敏感性及其分布曲线进行评价。

研究发现，在女性中，高油酸饮食的试验对象的胰岛素敏感性及其分布曲线明显优于高软脂酸饮食的试验对象。而且高油酸饮食对胰岛素敏感性的影响与试验对象的运动量明显相关。对空腹或进食后代谢物的主要成分进行分析证实其取决于血清和肌肉脂肪中PA/OA的比例。在女性中，无论在空腹或进食时，血清和肌肉脂肪中PA/OA的比例与胰岛素敏感性呈负相关。中长链酰基肉毒碱呈现出与胰岛素敏感性的显着负相关，高油酸饮食的试验对象表现为较低的血清和肌肉神经酰胺浓度，炎症和氧化应激分子标志物水平下降。

该研究得出：饮食中PA/OA的比例影响女性糖尿病发病风险。

与糖尿病相关的拓展阅读：

• PLoS One：联合生长因子抑制剂可减少糖尿病小鼠的视力损害
• Int Urol Nephrol：2型糖尿病患者肾活检有效性评价
• Diabetes Care:提早绝经与2型糖尿病风险增加有关
• JAMA：强化减肥干预或可部分缓解2型糖尿病
• Diabetes：尿蛋白质组学可用于早期诊断糖尿病肾病
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doi: 10.2337/db12-0363
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A Lipidomics Analysis of the Relationship Between Dietary Fatty Acid Composition and Insulin Sensitivity in Young Adults

C. Lawrence Kien1,2⇓, Janice Y. Bunn3, Matthew E. Poynter2, Robert Stevens4,5,6, James Bain4,5,6, Olga Ikayeva4,5,6, Naomi K. Fukagawa2, Catherine M. Champagne7, Karen I. Crain2, Timothy R. Koves4,5,6 and Deborah M. Muoio4,5,6

Relative to diets enriched in palmitic acid (PA), diets rich in oleic acid (OA) are associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. To gain insight into mechanisms underlying these observations, we applied comprehensive lipidomic profiling to specimens collected from healthy adults enrolled in a randomized, crossover trial comparing a high PA diet to a low PA/high OA diet (HOA). Effects on insulin sensitivity (SI) and disposition index (DI) were assessed by intravenous glucose tolerance testing. In women, but not men, SI and DI were higher during HOA. The effect of HOA on SI correlated positively with physical fitness upon enrollment. Principal components analysis of either fasted or fed-state metabolites identified one factor affected by diet and heavily weighted by the PA/OA ratio of serum and muscle lipids. In women, this factor correlated inversely with SI in the fasted and fed states. Medium-chain acylcarnitines emerged as strong negative correlates of SI, and the HOA diet was accompanied by lower serum and muscle ceramide concentrations and reductions in molecular biomarkers of inflammatory and oxidative stress. This study provides evidence that the dietary PA/OA ratio impacts diabetes risk in women.