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警惕:这7类药物可引起横纹肌溶解!

2021-12-23 上海药讯 上海药讯

横纹肌溶解症是指一系列影响横纹肌细胞膜、膜通道及其能量供应的多种遗传性或获得性疾病导致的横纹肌损伤,多伴有急性肾功能衰竭及代谢紊乱。

近年来,因为大量食用小龙虾,大量饮酒,过度运动而导致的横纹肌溶解症的报道频频出现在人们的视野中,一时间,横纹肌溶解变成了热门话题。

 

什么是横纹肌溶解症?横纹肌溶解症是指一系列影响横纹肌细胞膜、膜通道及其能量供应的多种遗传性或获得性疾病导致的横纹肌损伤,多伴有急性肾功能衰竭及代谢紊乱。在这里,我们需警惕的是药物所导致的横纹肌溶解。有哪些药物会致横纹肌溶解症呢?

 

一、降血脂药

 

1.HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂(他汀类):辛伐他汀、普伐他汀、阿托伐他汀等。

这类药物能有效降低总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)。他汀类药物可引起肌病,包括肌痛,肌炎和横纹肌溶解。不同他汀类药物的肌肉不适发生率不同,一般在5%左右,故这类药物被称之为肌肉毒药物。

2.苯氧酸类(贝特类)药物:非诺贝特、苯扎贝特等。

 

这类药物主要降低甘油三酯(TG)和极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL),联合使用他汀类和贝特类药物会增加肌病和横纹肌溶解症的发生。

 

二、抗感染

 

喹诺酮类抗菌药(沙星类)可增加肌腱炎和肌腱断裂的风险,会加重重症肌无力患者的肌无力。18岁以下未成年人应避免使用。

 

三、抗肝炎病毒药:拉米夫定和替比夫定

 

这类药物可引起肌肉骨骼系统损害,表现包括肌痛,关节痛,肌酸磷酸激酶(CPK)升高,横纹肌溶解和痉挛。

 

四、β2受体激动剂:特布他林、沙丁胺醇等


本类药物为哮喘的首选治疗药,能选择性激动呼吸道β2受体,扩张支气管,改善呼吸功能。特布他林口服给药约有30%病例始终有不同程度的肌震颤,其机制与兴奋骨骼肌慢收缩纤维的β2受体,使之收缩加快,破坏快慢收缩纤维之间的融合有关。药物过量严重者可能出现横纹肌溶解和肾衰竭。

五、引起低血钾的药物:呋塞米、氢氯噻嗪、吲达帕胺、复方甘草酸苷、两性霉素B等


低血钾症是肌溶解的诱发因素,长期应用排钾药物均可引起横纹肌溶解症。

六、麻醉精神类药物:阿片类、巴比妥类、吩噻嗪类、琥珀酰胆碱类等


这些药物大量服用后可致昏迷,使肌肉长时间压迫受损,进而引发横纹肌溶解。

七、其他:茶碱、胺碘酮、多奈哌齐、秋水仙碱、苯海拉明等


无论何种原因导致的横纹肌溶解,都应及早就医,以免延误病情。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1215200, encodeId=b444121520072, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220226/f73f0026212346d08cbefd29e427d3b5/87e7cfec87ac40d8ad99d344d98e9a32.jpg, createdBy=c38c6523737, createdName=邝医生, createdTime=Thu Apr 28 00:41:33 CST 2022, time=2022-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1988721, encodeId=6e1f1988e215a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a93d63008da' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#横纹肌溶解#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63008, encryptionId=a93d63008da, topicName=横纹肌溶解)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ced3193, createdName=freve, createdTime=Fri Jun 24 15:36:10 CST 2022, time=2022-06-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1083882, encodeId=2bc710838826f, content=了解了一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e831560211, createdName=ZYY7209, createdTime=Fri Dec 24 13:25:40 CST 2021, time=2021-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1083786, encodeId=e42b1083e86c4, content=学习了₍₍Ϡ(੭•̀ω•́)੭✧⃛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/202406/ef4ec361c32643dabcdd8a0c5dae9799-PRpp4lPPumDE.jpg, createdBy=7cad6421385, createdName=ms3000000658256936, createdTime=Fri Dec 24 08:59:28 CST 2021, time=2021-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1083653, encodeId=3c9f108365307, content=认真学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4b6e2403217, createdName=1235bd28m70暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Dec 23 20:41:03 CST 2021, time=2021-12-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-04-28 邝医生

    学习了

    0

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  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1215200, encodeId=b444121520072, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220226/f73f0026212346d08cbefd29e427d3b5/87e7cfec87ac40d8ad99d344d98e9a32.jpg, createdBy=c38c6523737, createdName=邝医生, createdTime=Thu Apr 28 00:41:33 CST 2022, time=2022-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1988721, encodeId=6e1f1988e215a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a93d63008da' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#横纹肌溶解#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63008, encryptionId=a93d63008da, topicName=横纹肌溶解)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ced3193, createdName=freve, createdTime=Fri Jun 24 15:36:10 CST 2022, time=2022-06-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1083882, encodeId=2bc710838826f, content=了解了一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e831560211, createdName=ZYY7209, createdTime=Fri Dec 24 13:25:40 CST 2021, time=2021-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1083786, encodeId=e42b1083e86c4, content=学习了₍₍Ϡ(੭•̀ω•́)੭✧⃛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/202406/ef4ec361c32643dabcdd8a0c5dae9799-PRpp4lPPumDE.jpg, createdBy=7cad6421385, createdName=ms3000000658256936, createdTime=Fri Dec 24 08:59:28 CST 2021, time=2021-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1083653, encodeId=3c9f108365307, content=认真学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4b6e2403217, createdName=1235bd28m70暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Dec 23 20:41:03 CST 2021, time=2021-12-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-12-24 ZYY7209

    了解了一下

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1215200, encodeId=b444121520072, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220226/f73f0026212346d08cbefd29e427d3b5/87e7cfec87ac40d8ad99d344d98e9a32.jpg, createdBy=c38c6523737, createdName=邝医生, createdTime=Thu Apr 28 00:41:33 CST 2022, time=2022-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1988721, encodeId=6e1f1988e215a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a93d63008da' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#横纹肌溶解#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63008, encryptionId=a93d63008da, topicName=横纹肌溶解)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ced3193, createdName=freve, createdTime=Fri Jun 24 15:36:10 CST 2022, time=2022-06-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1083882, encodeId=2bc710838826f, content=了解了一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e831560211, createdName=ZYY7209, createdTime=Fri Dec 24 13:25:40 CST 2021, time=2021-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1083786, encodeId=e42b1083e86c4, content=学习了₍₍Ϡ(੭•̀ω•́)੭✧⃛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/202406/ef4ec361c32643dabcdd8a0c5dae9799-PRpp4lPPumDE.jpg, createdBy=7cad6421385, createdName=ms3000000658256936, createdTime=Fri Dec 24 08:59:28 CST 2021, time=2021-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1083653, encodeId=3c9f108365307, content=认真学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4b6e2403217, createdName=1235bd28m70暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Dec 23 20:41:03 CST 2021, time=2021-12-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-12-24 ms3000000658256936

    学习了₍₍Ϡ(੭•̀ω•́)੭✧⃛

    0

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    2021-12-23 1235bd28m70暂无昵称

    认真学习了

    0

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