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Science子刊:基因疗法新突破!在体内选择性扩增经过基因修饰的肝细胞

2016-06-10 佚名 生物谷

基因疗法为治疗遗传病提供希望,但是它的效率经常太低而没有治疗价值。如今,在一项新的研究中,来自美国俄勒冈健康与科学大学、斯坦福大学医学院和贝勒医学院的研究人员证实经基因修饰后对一种有毒药物产生抵抗力的肝细胞能够在活的小鼠体内选择性增殖,从而高达1000倍地增加转基因表达。这种新方法也可能用于骨髓、肠道、皮肤或肾脏组织中。相关研究结果发表在2016年6月8日那期Science Translati

基因疗法为治疗遗传病提供希望,但是它的效率经常太低而没有治疗价值。如今,在一项新的研究中,来自美国俄勒冈健康与科学大学、斯坦福大学医学院和贝勒医学院的研究人员证实经基因修饰后对一种有毒药物产生抵抗力的肝细胞能够在活的小鼠体内选择性增殖,从而高达1000倍地增加转基因表达。这种新方法也可能用于骨髓、肠道、皮肤或肾脏组织中。相关研究结果发表在2016年6月8日那期Science Translational Medicine期刊上,论文标题为“A universal system to select gene-modified hepatocytes in vivo”。论文第一作者是来自俄勒冈健康与科学大学的Sean Nygaard。

Nygaard说,“基因疗法是一个治疗潜力巨大的领域,但是也是一个充满巨大风险的领域。”

在此之前,科学家们利用重组腺相关病毒(recombinant adeno-associated virus, rAAV)载体治疗血友病等肝脏疾病,取得一定的成功。然而,低剂量的病毒载体通常并不导致高效转导,高剂量病毒载体能够产生免疫反应,而且可能激活癌基因,这使得它成为一种有风险的治疗方案。对已测试的一些疾病而言,经过基因修饰的肝细胞凭借它们自己的力量在与有缺陷的肝细胞的竞争中胜出,但是对大多数肝脏疾病而言,情况并不是这样的。

为了解决这些问题,Nygaard和同事们发现一种方法在小鼠体内选择地扩增经过基因修饰的肝细胞。首先,他们构建出一种rAAV载体来运送旨在增加人凝血因子IV表达的转基因。他们将一种让肝细胞抵抗药物CEHPOBA的短发夹RNA(shRNA)插入到这种病毒载体中,其中shRNA抑制一种参与酪氨酸分解代谢中的关键酶--- 4-羟苯基丙酮酸双加氧酶(4-OH-phenylpyruvate dioxygenase),CEHPOBA是一种小分子的延胡索酰乙酰乙酸水解酶(fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase)抑制剂。他们然后利用CEHPOBA或生理盐水(作为对照)治疗这些小鼠。他们报道,相比于对照小鼠,接受这种药物治疗的那些小鼠10~1000倍地增加它们体内的转基因表达。

Nygaard说,“我们非常激动地发现我们的病毒载体在低剂量下能够提供较高的治疗潜力。”他补充道,他们的方法不仅允许科学家们使用低剂量的这种病毒载体,而且鉴于这种病毒载体缺乏启动子,它也允许经过准确靶向转导的细胞扩增。

研究人员说,同样的方法可能能够被用来治疗其他疾病。论文共同作者、斯坦福大学分子生物学家Adi Barzel说,“这种新方法为治疗很多代谢疾病铺平道路。”

当前,它也存在一些风险。论文共同作者、俄勒冈健康与科学大学儿科和遗传学教授Markus Grompe说,“这种方法的风险是使用一种药物破坏未经过基因修饰的肝细胞的分裂能力时产生的急性副作用。然而,我们知道肝脏再生能力比较强,因此任何这样的干预一旦在药物治疗停止后很可能是完全可逆转的。”

位于美国宾夕法尼亚州费城的Spark治疗公司(Spark Therapeutics)董事长和首席科学家Katherine High(未参与这项研究)说,“我认为它是一种非常巧妙的策略。”

这些发现目前尚未在其他动物体内验证。High说,“他们在模式小鼠体内利用一种不可能用于人体的药物进行了概念验证。不过,仍然相当多的工作要做。”

原始出处

Sean Nygaard1, Adi Barzel2, Annelise Haft1, Angela Major3, Milton Finegold3, Mark A. Kay2 and Markus Grompe.A universal system to select gene-modified hepatocytes in vivo.Science Translational Medicine.2016

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    2017-03-22 zxxiang
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    2016-09-21 xjy02
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    2016-06-12 jichang
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    2016-06-12 zhangyxzsh
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