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JACC:口服抗凝药的出血管理专家共识

2017-12-04 佚名 国际循环

近日,美国心脏病学学会(ACC)发布了接受口服抗凝药(OAC)治疗的患者出血管理决策路径之专家共识。

近日,美国心脏病学学会(ACC)发布了接受口服抗凝药(OAC)治疗的患者出血管理决策路径之专家共识。密歇根大学Geoffrey D.Barnes教授概述其要点如下:

✲1.心房颤动及静脉血栓栓塞等疾病通常需要应用直接口服抗凝药(DOAC),且其应用还将持续增加。

✲2.出血是所有OAC包括DOAC的已知并发症,但其评估及管理仍面临重大挑战,尤其是对于长期应用DOAC的患者,这主要是因为缺乏比较容易的血液检测方法。

✲3.评估出血严重程度最关键的一步就是要询问:①是否曾发生过关键部位出血?②患者血流动力学是否不稳定?③是否曾发生过明显的临床出血使得血红蛋白下降≥2 g/dl或需输入两个单位的红细胞?

✲4.若出血不严重(即上述三个问题的答案都是否定的)或出血无需住院或外科/手术干预,则不应停用DOAC药物。

✲5.为评估是否达到发挥临床作用的药物水平,应用达比加群的患者应行稀释的凝血酶试验、ecarin凝结试验或ecarin显色试验。若采用敏感试剂所得出的活化部分凝血活酶时间(aPTT)正常则提示达比加群未达到临床作用水平。

✲6.为评估是否达到发挥临床作用的药物水平,应用Xa因子抑制剂(如阿哌沙班、依度沙班及利伐沙班)的患者应行抗Xa活性的显色分析检测。但PT及aPTT结果正常并不能排除应用Xa因子抑制剂的患者达到了临床作用水平。

✲7.逆转剂仅限于存在威胁生命的出血或关键部位大出血的患者应用。

✲8.为逆转维生素K拮抗剂(如华法令),若患者发生大出血事件可静脉应用5~10 mg维生素K,若患者发生需要住院的非大出血事件则可口服或静脉应用2~5 mg维生素K。

✲9.对于服用维生素K拮抗剂或Xa因子抑制剂的患者,若出现大出血则推荐应用4因子凝血酶原复合物(PCC)。其中,对于应用Xa因子抑制剂的患者,推荐的应用剂量为50单位/kg。

✲10.若患者应用达比加群时发生大出血,可静脉应用idarucizumab 5 g;若没有idarucizumab时可选择应用4因子PCC。

✲11.在出血得到控制后,应进行共同决策讨论确定是否需要及何时重新开始DOAC治疗。若出血为关键部位出血、患者存在较高的再出血或因再出血死亡风险、无法确定出血来源或是未来拟行外科手术,则建议延迟重新开始DOAC治疗。

✲12.对于出现胃肠道出血的患者,在7天以后重新开始OAC结局会更好,有助于改善生存率并降低血栓栓塞风险。

✲13.对于颅内出血患者,则应至少延迟约4周重新开始口服抗栓药物治疗。

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    2018-03-07 hbwxf
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    2017-12-06 爆笑小医
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    2017-12-05 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了.谢谢分享!

    0

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    2017-12-04 方舒

    学习

    0

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    2017-12-04 天地飞扬

    学习.谢谢分享!

    0

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