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Nature:为什么男孩更容易患自闭症?

2017-06-21 Amy Maxmen Nature自然科研

人们认为,在婴儿成长过程中,在他们的大脑中“修剪”神经元间连接的小胶质细胞与自闭症谱系障碍有关。现在,一项研究表明这种细胞的数量和行为在男孩和女孩中是不同的,这或许有助于解释为什么被诊断有自闭症及相关障碍的男孩比女孩多得多。

两性间的大脑生理差异或许导致了男性更易患上自闭症。人们认为,在婴儿成长过程中,在他们的大脑中“修剪”神经元间连接的小胶质细胞与自闭症谱系障碍有关。现在,一项研究表明这种细胞的数量和行为在男孩和女孩中是不同的,这或许有助于解释为什么被诊断有自闭症及相关障碍的男孩比女孩多得多。被诊断为自闭症的男孩比女孩多得多,这背后既有社会原因也有生理原因。加州大学旧金山分校的神经遗传学家Donna Werling和她的同事发现,在婴儿出生前的几个月里,与小胶质细胞有关的基因在男性胎儿大脑中比在女性胎儿中更活跃。“这表明男性和女性的大脑发育存在一些根本性的差异,”她说。这项研究仍处于初级阶段,并于5月13日在美国旧金山召开的自闭症研究国际会议上对外报告。对于小胶质细胞修剪行为对大脑发育的影响,人们所知甚少。但Werling团队的研究“是那种让你觉得真的非常有意思、应该被认真对待的成果”,乔治华盛顿大学的神经科学家Kevin Pelphrey说。男性自闭症患者的数量是女性的2到5倍。虽然这种原因不明的障碍在女孩中诊断不足是公认的事实,但精神病学家仍一致认为男女病例数存在显着差异。这表明,两性之间的生理差异在

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    2018-05-26 liye789132251
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    2017-08-12 vcochan

    文章很有新意

    0

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    2017-07-12 1341f3cb2dm

    谢谢分享,非常感谢!

    0

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    2017-06-23 lusee

    认真学习,感谢分享。

    0

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    2017-06-21 dhzzm

    学习了分享了

    0

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虽然还不知道是什么原因导致自闭症,但研究人员认为,是环境因素与遗传因素之间复杂的相互作用导致了该疾病的发生。但要想把这些因素分离开则是一个不小的挑战。一项最新研究发现了一种能够将导致自闭症的遗传因素与环境因素相分离的方法,使研究者能够专注于研究体内重金属水平与自闭症风险之间的关系。

Molecular Psychiatry:妊娠期发热与自闭症的高风险有关

一项对大量儿童的研究发现,自闭症谱系疾病的发病风险与母亲在怀孕期间发热有关。这种关联在妊娠中期(3-6个月)的发热尤为显着。这项由纽约州哥伦比亚大学的公共卫生学院牵头的研究发现,自闭症的风险与怀孕12周后所发生的发热有关,三次以上发热的孕妇其后代发生自闭症的风险增加了300%。这项研究发表在了Molecular Psychiatry杂志上,研究人员说他们的发现支持了怀孕中的感染和免疫系统对感染的反

SCI TRANSL MED:机器学习算法实现自闭症精准预测

通过机器学习方法对脑功能连接进行模式识别,Emerson和他的同事们对6个月大的婴儿是否会在将来表现出自闭症的症状进行了精准预测,根据受试者24个月时的诊断结果表明,预测准确性高达96%。

Nat Genet:五成智力靠遗传?高智商易患自闭症?

周一,一项发表于Nature子刊的研究引起了业内外人士的广泛关注,在这篇名为Genome-wide association meta-analysis of 78,308 individuals identifies new loci and genes influencing human intelligence的文章中,科学家表示他们发现了52个与人类智力有关的重要基因,而这批基因中的40个在

JAMA:妊娠期使用5-羟色胺能抗抑郁药物与儿童自闭症谱系障碍是否相关?

2017年4月,发表在《JAMA》的一项由加拿大科学家进行的研究,考察了妊娠期使用5-羟色胺能抗抑郁药物与儿童自闭症谱系障碍的相关性。

Ann Clin Trans Neurol:百年老药有望治疗自闭症

近日,来自美国加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校(University of California San Diego, UCSD)的科学家们发表了一项小型临床试验的结果,他们发现,一个已经有100年历史的药物明显改善了自闭症儿童的症状。这项研究发表在了《Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology》杂志上,它可能意味着第一个治疗自闭症谱系障碍(autism

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