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Front Oncol:真实世界研究分析黑色素瘤患者抗PD-1治疗免疫相关不良事件与疗效的关系

2021-12-05 yd2015 MedSci原创

研究表明,irAE 的出现与抗PD-1治疗的应答和改善的PFS以及OS有关。BMI越高发生irAE的几率越高。

PD-1免疫检查点抑制剂(ICI)的治疗彻底改变了黑色素瘤的治疗格局,在某些患者中科院产生持续的长期肿瘤应答。但是,使用ICI治疗的患者不可避免的会产生独特的毒性-免疫相关不良事件(irAEs),这些不良事件的产生于不受抑制的免疫激活。在黑色素瘤或其他肿瘤中irAEs的产生和临床预后的关系不一致。目前这方面的证据仍然缺乏。因此,来自上海交通大学附属医院的团队开展了相关研究,主要是探索在使用抗PD-1ICIs治疗晚期黑色素瘤患者中,单一和多发irAE的特点,以及与临床特征的关系,和对临床预后的影响。相关结果发表在Frontiers in Oncology杂志上。

该研究是回顾性研究,对20146月至20208月期间接受单药抗PD-1治疗的190例转移性黑色素瘤患者进行筛查收集临床资料和预后数据。根据CTCAE 5.0版本对irAE进行分级。

190例患者中,119名男性,71名女性。中位年龄为68(范围20.0 - 91.0),所有患者的中位随访时间为18.0个月。162(85.3%)患者为IV期,28(14.7%)患者为无法切除的III期。157(82.6%)患者接受pembrolizumab治疗;33(17.4%)接受nivolumab治疗。PD -1治疗通常用于一线(107例,56.3%),较少用于二线(47例,24.7%)或三线(36例,19.0%)治疗。68(35.8%)患者曾在辅助或转移阶段中暴露于ipilimumab

114(60.0%)者发生任何级别的治疗相关的irAEs, 44例(23.2%)患者发生一种以上AE。绝大多数的irAE为1-2级,包括:皮肤类irAE [61/68(89.7%)],内分泌类irAE [39/41,(95.1%)],风湿类irAE[34/41,(82.9%)]。3-4级irAE发生在30例(15.8%)患者;而未发现有5级irAEs。PD-1治疗导致30(15.8%)患者停药,其中最常见的病因是肺炎6(20.0%),结肠炎5(16.7%),肝炎5(16.7%)

当我们评估不同类型的irAE与开始治疗的关系时,我们观察到不同类别的irAE发生的时间不同。皮肤科和肺性irAE往往在治疗开始后发生相对较早(中位数12.0周),而神经和肺性irae往往发生相对较晚(中位数分别为40.6周和62.4周)。最常见irAE的发病中位(周)时间(发生率≥5%)如下:甲状腺功能亢进(6.3周)、皮肤病(12.0周)、肌痛(12.0周)、关节炎(18.4周)、甲状腺功能减退(20.4周)、结肠炎(21.6周)、肝炎(24.0周)、肺炎(62.4周);与之前的报告相似。

          irAE发生时间

任何级别irAE的发生与研究者评估的肿瘤应答(CR或PR)明显相关(p<0.0001),不管是当前评估应答(p= 0.0082)或是最佳应答(p= 0.0001)。

在各种不同的irAE中,只有皮肤和风湿性irAE与当前的应答显著相关(皮肤,p=0.0006;风湿,p=0.0197)和最佳应答(皮肤,p<;0.0001;风湿,p = 0.0157)。发生任何irAE、皮病irAE或关节irAE患者出现应答的odds分别为4.49(95%CI 2.41,8.39)、4.32(95%CI 2.06,9.04)和4.65 (95%CI 1.02, 21.23)。

出现任何irAE的患者比没有出现的患者延长中位PFS和OS(mPFS:28  vs. 5 个月, p < 0.0001; mOS:未达到 vs. 9 个月, p < 0.0001)。同样,出现多发irAE患者比没有出现的患者延长中位PFS和OS(p<0.0001, PFS; p<0.0001, OS)。而相对于出现单一irAE患者,出现多发irAE患者的中位PFS和OS有延长趋势,但是没有统计学差异(p=0.2555, PFS; p=0.0583, OS)。

50例(26.3%)患者需要类固醇治疗irAEs,其中7例(14.0%)患者类固醇治疗失败,需要生物制剂。需要类固醇治疗和不需要患者的ORR分别为47.1%和52.9% (p = 0.2825); mPFS分别为31 个月和26个月(p = 0.5186); 以及mOS为未达到和38个月(p = 0.2593)。

虽然性别(p=0.9026)和年龄(p=0.2130)对irAE的发生没有影响,但研究观察到BMI可增加irAE发生可能性OR=1.06, p= 0.0206)。在此,与BMI≤25.0患者相比,BMI≥25.0患者发生irAE的几率更大(OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.04, 3.74)。

综上,研究表明,irAE 的出现与抗PD-1治疗的应答和改善的PFS以及OS有关。BMI越高发生irAE的几率越高。

原始出处:

Bastacky ML, Wang H, Fortman D, Rahman Z, Mascara GP, Brenner T, Najjar YG, Luke JJ, Kirkwood JM, Zarour HM and Davar D (2021) Immune-Related Adverse Events in PD-1 Treated Melanoma and Impact Upon Anti-Tumor Efficacy: A Real World Analysis. Front. Oncol. 11:749064. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.749064

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    2022-01-31 minlingfeng
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    2022-06-09 sunylz
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    2022-05-25 ms9000000314102385

    恶性黑色素瘤骨转移,有效的治疗方案现在有没有?

    0

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    2021-12-05 ms5000000423158823

    黑色素瘤有逐渐多发趋势,我们应该做好准备

    0

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    2021-12-05 杨晓晓

    学习了

    0

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研究表明,在日常实践中,III/IV期黑色素瘤切除后的辅助抗PD -1治疗显示出略高的毒性率和更频繁的过早停药,但与临床研究相比,RFS率相似。

J Clin Oncol:纳武单抗联合伊匹单抗治疗晚期黑色素瘤

与伊匹单抗相比,纳武单抗联合伊匹单抗或单用伊匹单抗均可显著提高晚期黑色素瘤的临床预后

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