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为何男性患癌风险更高?30万人研究表明生理差异可能是答案!

2022-08-12 转化医学网 转化医学网

男性和女性之间存在内在的生物学差异,这些差异会影响对癌症的易感性。

导读:先前科学家们猜测,癌症发病率的性别差异源于两性生活方式、行为精神上的差异。最近一项对近30万人的风险评估研究表明,男性和女性内在的生物学差异是癌症发病率不同的潜在原因。

根据世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构(IARC)发布的数据,2020年全球新发癌症病例高达1929万例,其中,男性为1006万例,女性为923万例;而全球癌症死亡病例已达996万例,男性为553万例,女性为443万例。可以看到,男性患癌人数的比例绝对高于女性。

先前科学家们猜测,癌症发病率的性别差异源于两性生活方式、行为精神上的差异,但最近一项发表于美国癌症协会同行评审期刊Cancer上的新研究表明,相比与吸烟、饮酒、饮食和其他因素相关的行为差异,生理性别差异可能是癌症发病率不同的潜在原因。

https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncr.34390

30万人群风险评估

01

了解癌症风险性别差异的原因可以为改善预防和治疗提供重要信息。为了进行调查,美国国立卫生研究院下属的国家癌症研究所的Sarah S. Jackson博士和她的同事评估了17.1万名男性和12.3万名女性中21个癌症部位的癌症风险差异。这些成年人年龄在50-71岁之间,他们在1995至2011年参与了美国退休人员协会(NIH-AARP)饮食与健康研究。

在此期间,男性新发癌症17951例,女性新发癌症8742例。男性的甲状腺癌和胆囊癌发病率低于女性,而其他部位的发病风险均是女性的1.3至10.8倍。男性中风险增加最大的是食道癌(风险高出10.8倍),喉癌(风险高出3.5倍),胃贲门(风险高出3.5倍)和膀胱癌(风险高出3.3倍)。

即使在调整了多数危险行为和致癌物暴露因素之后,男性患大多数癌症的风险仍比女性高。事实上,两性之间危险行为和致癌物因素的差异只占男性是主导地位的大多数癌症中的适度比例(食管癌占11%,肺癌占50%)。

结果表明,性别之间的生物学差异,例如生理,免疫,遗传和其他差异,在男性与女性的癌症易感性中起主要作用。

Jackson博士说:“我们的研究结果表明,癌症发病率存在的差异,仅靠环境暴露无法解释。这表明男性和女性之间存在内在的生物学差异,这些差异会影响对癌症的易感性。”

社论

02

随附的一篇社论讨论了这项研究的结果,并指出目前需要采取多方面的方法来解决癌症中的性别差异。

作者写道:“从战略上将性别作为生物变量纳入整个癌症连续体,从风险预测和癌症一级预防,癌症筛查和二级预防,到癌症治疗和患者管理。检查和解决癌症和其他疾病中的性别差异是一项持续的追求。从工作台到床边的转化研究有效地将现有的研究结果转化为临床实践,是实现精准医疗的可扩展手段,并将减轻并最终根除癌症中的性别差异。”

参考资料:

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-08-men-higher-cancer-women.html

http://news.sohu.com/a/575723312_100300137

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    2023-04-02 sjq027
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    2022-08-13 lq0307
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    2022-08-12 ms5000000518166734

    学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习

    0

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    2022-08-12 兰医生

    很好的研究

    0

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