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关于化疗药物的输注注意事项,这些你一定要知道!

2022-08-09 三叶草 MedSci原创

化疗药物的序贯用药应该基于药物相互作用、细胞动力学及药物刺激性等原则,根据选用药物的特殊分子结构及作用机制,选择合理的用药顺序。

化学药物治疗是临床抗肿瘤治疗的主要手段之一,但由于化疗药物特殊的分子结构及作用机制,临床应用化疗药物时往往容易出现骨髓抑制、恶心呕吐、肝肾损伤等不良反应,规范的药物使用方法可以在一定程度上改善这些不良反应。 在临床工作中,静脉给药是化疗药物最为常见的给药方式,因此,本文特地整理了临床常见化疗药物在输注过程中的注意事项,以供各位读者朋友们参考学习。

1、常见化疗药物的贮存及配制要求(表格内容参考文献[1]及药品说明书)

2、常见化疗药物的输注要求(表格内容参考文献[1]及药品说明书)

3、临床常见问题及解析

(1)如果在化疗药物配制、输注或转运期间,出现化疗药物外渗,应该怎么处理?

答:化疗药静脉输入开始5~10分钟内是外渗发生的高峰期,期间应加强巡视。如果出现化疗药物外渗,应首先停止输注,用穿刺针或头皮针尽量吸尽穿刺点周围的渗出液,记录外渗范围,进行局部封闭(2%利多卡因+地塞米松+生理盐水)。化疗药物外渗24~48h应先抬高患肢,进行局部冷敷(蒽环类、抗肿瘤抗生素、烷化剂等)或热敷(长春新碱类、紫杉醇类、铂类药物等),对症使用解毒剂以及镇痛药物(如右丙亚胺、透明质酸酶、二甲亚砜、硫代硫酸钠等),必要时可以行手术清创、皮瓣移植、植皮等。

(2)在化疗药物联合用药过程中,药物使用顺序如何选择?

答:化疗药物的序贯用药应该基于药物相互作用、细胞动力学及药物刺激性等原则,根据选用药物的特殊分子结构及作用机制,选择合理的用药顺序。具体可以参考药品说明书及本公众号早期文章!

参考文献:

[1] 陈静, 赵德华, 楚明明,等. 静脉用抗肿瘤药物临床应用的药学管理[J]. 肿瘤药学, 2020, 10(3):9. [2] 刘婷. 化疗药物外渗的预防及处理[J]. 当代护士:下旬刊, 2019, 26(3):3. [3] 药品说明书.

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1906792, encodeId=8d351906e92eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6440650062f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#注意事项#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65006, encryptionId=6440650062f, topicName=注意事项)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e6ac207, createdName=xlwang2691, createdTime=Tue May 30 18:56:11 CST 2023, time=2023-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2106828, encodeId=a1622106828a2, content= 写得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=33578272224, createdName=ms5000000900062349, createdTime=Tue Dec 20 15:55:58 CST 2022, time=2022-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=云南省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2102158, encodeId=e78d210215881, content=👍👍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=33578272224, createdName=ms5000000900062349, createdTime=Wed Nov 23 11:45:21 CST 2022, time=2022-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1506733, encodeId=57fc1506e337d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7b8d3358050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#化疗药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33580, encryptionId=7b8d3358050, topicName=化疗药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5f629793993, createdName=luwei03, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 10:56:11 CST 2022, time=2022-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1581787, encodeId=051b1581e8740, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0813335e996' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#化疗药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33579, encryptionId=0813335e996, topicName=化疗药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=298f16872689, createdName=12498cb5m18暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 10:56:11 CST 2022, time=2022-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1906792, encodeId=8d351906e92eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6440650062f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#注意事项#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65006, encryptionId=6440650062f, topicName=注意事项)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e6ac207, createdName=xlwang2691, createdTime=Tue May 30 18:56:11 CST 2023, time=2023-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2106828, encodeId=a1622106828a2, content= 写得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=33578272224, createdName=ms5000000900062349, createdTime=Tue Dec 20 15:55:58 CST 2022, time=2022-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=云南省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2102158, encodeId=e78d210215881, content=👍👍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=33578272224, createdName=ms5000000900062349, createdTime=Wed Nov 23 11:45:21 CST 2022, time=2022-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1506733, encodeId=57fc1506e337d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7b8d3358050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#化疗药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33580, encryptionId=7b8d3358050, topicName=化疗药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5f629793993, createdName=luwei03, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 10:56:11 CST 2022, time=2022-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1581787, encodeId=051b1581e8740, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0813335e996' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#化疗药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33579, encryptionId=0813335e996, topicName=化疗药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=298f16872689, createdName=12498cb5m18暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 10:56:11 CST 2022, time=2022-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-12-20 ms5000000900062349 来自云南省

    写得很好

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1906792, encodeId=8d351906e92eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6440650062f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#注意事项#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65006, encryptionId=6440650062f, topicName=注意事项)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e6ac207, createdName=xlwang2691, createdTime=Tue May 30 18:56:11 CST 2023, time=2023-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2106828, encodeId=a1622106828a2, content= 写得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=33578272224, createdName=ms5000000900062349, createdTime=Tue Dec 20 15:55:58 CST 2022, time=2022-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=云南省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2102158, encodeId=e78d210215881, content=👍👍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=33578272224, createdName=ms5000000900062349, createdTime=Wed Nov 23 11:45:21 CST 2022, time=2022-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1506733, encodeId=57fc1506e337d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7b8d3358050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#化疗药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33580, encryptionId=7b8d3358050, topicName=化疗药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5f629793993, createdName=luwei03, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 10:56:11 CST 2022, time=2022-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1581787, encodeId=051b1581e8740, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0813335e996' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#化疗药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33579, encryptionId=0813335e996, topicName=化疗药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=298f16872689, createdName=12498cb5m18暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 10:56:11 CST 2022, time=2022-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-11-23 ms5000000900062349

    👍👍

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1906792, encodeId=8d351906e92eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6440650062f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#注意事项#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65006, encryptionId=6440650062f, topicName=注意事项)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e6ac207, createdName=xlwang2691, createdTime=Tue May 30 18:56:11 CST 2023, time=2023-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2106828, encodeId=a1622106828a2, content= 写得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=33578272224, createdName=ms5000000900062349, createdTime=Tue Dec 20 15:55:58 CST 2022, time=2022-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=云南省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2102158, encodeId=e78d210215881, content=👍👍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=33578272224, createdName=ms5000000900062349, createdTime=Wed Nov 23 11:45:21 CST 2022, time=2022-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1506733, encodeId=57fc1506e337d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7b8d3358050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#化疗药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33580, encryptionId=7b8d3358050, topicName=化疗药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5f629793993, createdName=luwei03, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 10:56:11 CST 2022, time=2022-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1581787, encodeId=051b1581e8740, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0813335e996' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#化疗药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33579, encryptionId=0813335e996, topicName=化疗药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=298f16872689, createdName=12498cb5m18暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 10:56:11 CST 2022, time=2022-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1906792, encodeId=8d351906e92eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6440650062f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#注意事项#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65006, encryptionId=6440650062f, topicName=注意事项)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e6ac207, createdName=xlwang2691, createdTime=Tue May 30 18:56:11 CST 2023, time=2023-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2106828, encodeId=a1622106828a2, content= 写得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=33578272224, createdName=ms5000000900062349, createdTime=Tue Dec 20 15:55:58 CST 2022, time=2022-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=云南省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2102158, encodeId=e78d210215881, content=👍👍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=33578272224, createdName=ms5000000900062349, createdTime=Wed Nov 23 11:45:21 CST 2022, time=2022-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1506733, encodeId=57fc1506e337d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7b8d3358050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#化疗药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33580, encryptionId=7b8d3358050, topicName=化疗药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5f629793993, createdName=luwei03, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 10:56:11 CST 2022, time=2022-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1581787, encodeId=051b1581e8740, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0813335e996' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#化疗药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33579, encryptionId=0813335e996, topicName=化疗药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=298f16872689, createdName=12498cb5m18暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 10:56:11 CST 2022, time=2022-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]

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