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病例:内镜下切除食管下段巨大平滑肌瘤

2019-03-30 青海涛 消化专家青海涛大夫

患者男,36岁,因发现食管肿物1月余入院,无胸痛、吞咽困难、消瘦等不适。术前评估考虑食管下段平滑肌瘤,行内镜下隧道技术切除病灶,病灶为环食管腔半周左右,大小10*4 cm。患者术后恢复良好,术后1周顺利出院,随访3月余至今无不适。

患者男,36岁,因发现食管肿物1月余入院,无胸痛、吞咽困难、消瘦等不适。术前评估考虑食管下段平滑肌瘤,行内镜下隧道技术切除病灶,病灶为环食管腔半周左右,大小10*4 cm。患者术后恢复良好,术后1周顺利出院,随访3月余至今无不适。

入院后完善相关检查

1
超声内镜提示:

距离门齿40 cm食管见一半球形肿物,大小约30*28 mm。

超声下见:以12 MHz探头探查食管壁层次结构清晰,病灶位于管壁固有肌层,呈均质低回声光团,切面大小约31x12 mm,其后方浆膜层清晰完整。管壁外未见明显肿大淋巴结图像。

诊断考虑:食管下段黏膜下肿物,考虑为食管固有肌层平滑肌瘤,间质瘤待排。













2
术前CT



















内镜下隧道切除病灶

考虑术前评估病灶5 cm左右,计划行内镜下隧道切除技术切除病灶,当然,病灶大,有一定的难度。

剥离过程中见病灶比术前评估得大很多,食管直径一般为2 cm,但剥离过程中感觉病灶大于5 cm以上,且呈环形包绕食管腔,形态不规则,手术空间小,区域暴露较困难,使用黄金刀及IT刀联用,同时于病灶表面黏膜开窗,最终历经3小时,顺利完整剥离病灶。将病灶挤入腔后,更换肠镜使用圈套器将病灶顺利、完整取出,取出过程中通过贲门、食管入口狭窄处遇到较大阻力,通过反复调整内镜角度、调整患者颈部角度后最终得以完整取出病灶。最终测量病灶大小约10*4 cm。













术后病理:考虑平滑肌瘤





术后随访

术后给予三代头孢+左氧氟沙星+甲硝唑抗炎、PPI抑制酸、营养支持治疗1周后顺利出院。随访至今无明显不适。

体会

1、相对胃、肠而言,食管管腔较狭小,对于2 cm左右的病灶,熟练的内镜医师可以在30 min以内顺利切除。但病灶一旦大于4 cm,则因视野暴露困难导致切除难度大大增加,适当运用隧道开窗技术可以缩短手术时间。

2、形态规则病灶,如接近球形病灶切除相对容易,形态不规则,尤其是环食管半周以上的病灶切除难度大大增加。

3、对于食管大病灶,术前EUS、CT提供的信息仅供参考,尤其是对于大病灶是否呈环形包绕食管需要术者在术前和超声内镜、CT医师充分沟通,对大病灶的困难程度要有足够的预判。

4、对于食管黏膜下肿物的处理,内镜下隧道技术切除技术相对外科手术而言成功率高、安全性好、创伤更小、恢复更快。

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    2019-04-01 zhouqu_8
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幽门螺杆菌(Hp)导致慢性胃炎,进而导致胃癌。在日本因为广泛的Hp根除治疗,Hp感染率逐步下降,在过去十年中,日本的胃癌死亡率以每年3%~4%的速度下降。另有研究表明,根除Hp可降低三分之一患者的异时性胃癌的发生。然而还有一些报告描述了Hp阴性胃癌(H. pylori-negative gastric cancers,HpNGC)的病例,其患病率约为0.42%~5.4%。请注意下图的A类风险人群(

病例:内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗小儿胃重复畸形

患儿,女,5个月,因"发现胃内囊肿5个月余"入院。5个月余前患儿于胎儿期(母亲孕40周)在当地医院超声检查提示胃腔内囊肿,患儿出生后精神、食欲可,生长发育正常,无吐奶、呛奶,无腹胀、腹泻,无发热、乏力等表现,近期无咳嗽、流涕、气喘,大小便正常。

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