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郭艺芳点评:冠脉支架术后患者双联抗血小板疗程到底需多久?(AHA 2014)

2014-11-19 河北省人民医院 郭艺芳 医学论坛网

现行国内外指南建议,置入冠状动脉支架术后患者均需接受为期1年的阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷(或其他噻吩吡啶类药物)双联抗血小板治疗。延长或缩短双联抗血小板治疗的获益风险比尚不明确。2014年AHA年会期间公布了3项临床研究,对此问题进行了探讨。 DAPT研究 DAPT研究为一项国际多中心随机化安慰剂对照试验,共入选9961例受试者,均为冠状动脉支架术后且完成为期12个月的双联抗血小板治疗的

现行国内外指南建议,置入冠状动脉支架术后患者均需接受为期1年的阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷(或其他噻吩吡啶类药物)双联抗血小板治疗。延长或缩短双联抗血小板治疗的获益风险比尚不明确。2014年AHA年会期间公布了3项临床研究,对此问题进行了探讨。

DAPT研究

DAPT研究为一项国际多中心随机化安慰剂对照试验,共入选9961例受试者,均为冠状动脉支架术后且完成为期12个月的双联抗血小板治疗的患者。将其随机分为两组。安慰剂组患者接受阿司匹林联合安慰剂治疗,噻吩吡啶组患者接受阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷或普拉格雷治疗至少18个月。主要有效性终点为支架血栓与主要心脑血管事件(心肌梗死、死亡、卒中),安全性终点为严重出血事件。

结果显示,与安慰剂组相比,噻吩吡啶组患者主要心脑血管事件明显降低(4.3%对5.9%,P<0.001),支架血栓发生率明显降低(0.4%对1.4%,p<0.001),但噻吩吡啶组患者主要出血事件发生率增高(2.53%对1.57%,p=0.001)。本研究结论认为,冠状动脉药物支架置入术后患者延长双联抗血小板治疗时间有助于降低主要不良心脑血管事件与支架血栓事件风险。

ISAR-SAFE研究

ISAR-SAFE研究采用随机化、双盲、多中心试验设计,旨在比较冠状动脉药物支架置入术后患者,接受6个月或12个月双联抗血小板治疗的疗效。共纳入4005例置入冠状动脉药物支架并完成6个月阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷双联抗血小板治疗的患者(原计划入选6000例,因终点事件发生率较低,本研究提前终止)。将受试者随机分为两组,分别接受阿司匹林与安慰剂或阿司匹林与氯吡格雷治疗。主要终点为由死亡、心肌梗死、支架血栓、卒中和严重出血所组成的复合终点。

结果显示,与接受6个月或12个月双联抗血小板治疗组患者主要终点事件(1.5%对1.6%,p=0.70)、死亡(0.4%对0.6%,p=0.37)、心肌梗死(0.7%对0.7%,p=0.85)、支架血栓(0.3%对0.2%,p=0.74)、卒中(0.4%对0.3%,p=0.57)、严重出血(0.2%对0.3%,p=0.74)均无显著差异。此研究结论认为,冠状动脉药物支架术后患者接受6个月双联抗血小板治疗的效果不劣于12个月疗程组。

ITALIC研究

几乎同时公布的ITALIC研究表明,置入依维莫司药物支架的患者,双联抗血小板治疗6个月或24个月后,终点事件(死亡、心肌梗死、靶血管血运重建、卒中与主要出血事件)发生率无显著差别(1.5%对1.6%,p=0.85)。

三项研究的启示

上述3项研究结果看似矛盾,但认真梳理相关证据可得到以下启示:

1. 对于预防支架血栓事件而言,双联抗血小板治疗6个月即可达到满意疗效(特别是新型药物支架);

2. 延长双联抗血小板时间可以进一步减少支架血管以外冠状动脉发生血栓事件的风险;

3. DAPT研究显示延长双联抗血小板疗程可以增加出血事件风险,但其致死性出血事件发生率非常低。与支架血栓以及心肌梗死风险下降所带来的获益相比,显然利大于弊。亦即,延长双联抗血小板时间具有良好的获益风险比;

4. 在临床实践中,不宜为所有患者设定某一特定的双联抗血小板治疗疗程,应根据患者具体情况制定个体化的治疗方案。例如,对于既往有出血病史或具有其它出血高危因素的患者,可适当缩短双联抗血小板治疗时间,而血栓事件风险较高的患者(例如具有多种缺血性危险因素或多支病变)则应延长疗程,部分患者可能需要更长时间的治疗。


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    2015-02-13 gujh
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    2015-09-07 qindq
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    2014-11-21 zhaohui6731

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