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eLife:转基因烟草可用于生产青蒿素

2016-06-17 佚名 生物探索

发表在eLife上的一项研究显示:德国马克斯-普朗克分子植物生理学研究所(Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology )研究人员通过基因改造技术,已成功借助烟草,生产出青蒿素的前体青蒿酸。在热带地区,每年因感染疟疾死亡的人数仍然超过500000例,这一方法将有助于提高青蒿素产量,降低抗疟疾药物成本。目前制药企业大多从黄花蒿中提取青蒿素,但黄

发表在eLife上的一项研究显示:德国马克斯-普朗克分子植物生理学研究所(Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology )研究人员通过基因改造技术,已成功借助烟草,生产出青蒿素的前体青蒿酸。


在热带地区,每年因感染疟疾死亡的人数仍然超过500000例,这一方法将有助于提高青蒿素产量,降低抗疟疾药物成本。目前制药企业大多从黄花蒿中提取青蒿素,但黄花蒿种植面积有限,导致青蒿素的产量难以满足全球疟疾患者的需求。


为此,德国研究人员尝试利用转基因技术,将黄花蒿中合成青蒿酸相关的基因转移到烟草叶绿体的基因组中,使烟草叶绿体获得合成“青蒿酸”的能力。黄花蒿中合成青蒿酸的通道主要在腺毛组织,这使青蒿酸的产量较低,而烟草叶片合成青蒿酸效率更高。


由于烟草的叶片大,叶绿体遍布叶面,可以提取出更多青蒿酸,然后用简单的化学方法就可以合成青蒿素。植物叶绿体拥有相对独立的基因组,对叶绿体进行转基因操作称为“质体转基因”。“质体转基因”植物能生产更大量的人类所需化合物,是目前转基因作物研究的热点之一。


研究人员共培育了600多个质体转基因烟草株系,其中最好的能达到每1千克烟草叶片生产120毫克青蒿酸。不过,尽管新方法有助于提高青蒿素产量,但仍然无法满足全球对廉价抗疟药的需求。但这项研究为利用大叶农作物低成本生产救命药物提供了良好的基础。


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    2016-10-22 膀胱癌
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    2017-01-21 clmlylxy
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    2016-06-19 mnda
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    2016-06-18 沉心多思

    好文章,值得学习

    0

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