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Nat Commun:科学家发现操纵癌细胞迁移扩散的“幕后黑手”!

2017-10-29 佚名 medicalxpress

癌细胞可以重新激活作为胚胎发育的重要组成部分的细胞过程。这允许他们离开原发性肿瘤,穿透周围组织并在外周器官中形成转移。在“自然通讯”杂志上,巴塞尔大学生物医学系的研究人员深入了解了调节这一过程的分子网络。

癌细胞可以重新激活作为胚胎发育的重要组成部分的细胞过程。这允许他们离开原发性肿瘤,穿透周围组织并在外周器官中形成转移。在“自然通讯”杂志上,巴塞尔大学生物医学系的研究人员深入了解了调节这一过程的分子网络。

在胚胎发育过程中,上皮细胞可以从细胞簇脱落,改变其细胞类型特异性,并迁移到其它区域以形成所需的结构。这种称为上皮-间质转化(EMT)的过程是可逆的,也可以从间充质细胞到上皮细胞(MET)的方向进行。在胚胎发育过程中重复多次,最终为人体器官的形成铺平了道路。

肿瘤细胞可以重新激活程序

尽管胚胎发生过程中这是一个完全正常的过程,但它也在体内肿瘤细胞扩散和转移形成中起重要作用。结果,这种细胞程序近年来也在肿瘤研究领域引起了更多的关注。

肿瘤细胞能够重新激活EMT/MET程序。通过这样做,它们获得了干细胞的特征,并且不仅增加了古典而且还是最先进的靶向癌症治疗的抗性。

EMT还使癌细胞更容易脱离原发性肿瘤,渗透到周围组织和血管中,扩散到整个身体并在远处器官中形成转移,这最终导致大多数癌症的死亡。

由巴塞尔生物医学系GerhardChristofori教授领导的研究小组研究了调节细胞EMT方案的分子过程。通过这样做,他们的目的是展示新的干预策略,以对付恶性肿瘤的发展和转移的形成-例如在乳腺癌的情况下,妇女最常见和恶意的疾病之一。

新发现的microRNA抑制EMT

在NatureCommunications最新一期发表的一项研究中,研究人员专注于微RNA(miRNA),这是一类非常短的非编码RNA,对基因调控有相当大的影响。他们确定了迄今未知的microRNA,miR-1199-5p,其诱导上皮细胞行为并阻止肿瘤细胞发展,以及它们形成继发性肿瘤的潜力。

具体来说,新发现的microRNA可以阻止特异性蛋白质的合成,即激活EMT/MET的转录因子Zeb1,但是如果缺失,就可以防止EMT过程。Zeb1还抑制miR1199-5p在所谓的负反馈环中的表达,由此两个分子相互调节。

越来越多的这种分子开关在引起细胞改变或失去其细胞类型特异性的过程中被发现。它们似乎对细胞外刺激的快速,可逆的细胞反应负责。

在未来,对分子网络的调控EMT/MET可塑性的见解可能允许开发新的治疗乳腺癌的策略。

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    2018-02-19 liye789132251
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    2018-10-01 liuli5079
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    2017-10-31 yxch36
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    2017-10-30 明天会更好!

    谢谢分享.阅读了.

    0

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