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J Neurosci:研究首证朊蛋白有助人大脑发育

2013-02-28 生物无忧 生物无忧

几年之前,科学家们已发现某些蛋白,如朊蛋白(prion),存在缺陷时是非常危险的,这是因为它们参与诸如库贾氏病(Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease)和阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer disease)之类的神经退化性综合症产生.但是如今,在一项新的研究中,来自意大利的里雅斯特高级国际学校(Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanza

几年之前,科学家们已发现某些蛋白,如朊蛋白(prion),存在缺陷时是非常危险的,这是因为它们参与诸如库贾氏病(Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease)和阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer disease)之类的神经退化性综合症产生.但是如今,在一项新的研究中,来自意大利的里雅斯特高级国际学校(Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati, SISSA)的一个神经科学家小组发现朊蛋白也表现出它们好的一面:当表现良好时,它们可能在儿童的大脑发育中发挥着关键性的作用.相关研究结果于2013年1月30日发表在Journal of Neuroscience期刊上,论文标题为"Is GABA Co-Released with Glutamate from Hippocampal Mossy Fiber Terminals?".

在《杰凯尔医生和海德先生(Doctor Jekyll and Mr. Hyde)》一书中,好人藏着邪恶的一面的这个比喻非常适合朊蛋白.朊蛋白有两种形式,一种是正常的细胞形式,即PrPC,它在我们的大脑中大量存在;另一种是具有传染性的抵抗蛋白酶降解的形式,即PrPSc.不同于杰凯尔医生,朊蛋白起初被认为只有不好的性质:如果这种蛋白分子自身发生异常折叠,那么它不幸地在导致诸如疯牛病之类的致命性综合症的神经退化过程中发挥着一种关键性的作用.

然而,正常形式的朊蛋白在突触中大量存在,其中突触是相邻神经元之间传递神经信号的接触点.相对而言,这种蛋白在非常年轻的儿童大脑中更为大量存在,这就是科学家们认为它可能在神经系统发育特别是神经发生、新的突触连接产生和可塑性中发挥作用的原因.

在这项研究中,来自的里雅斯特高级国际学校的Maddalena Caiati、Victoria Safiulina、Sudhir Sivakumaran、Giuseppe Legname、Enrico Cherubini和来自马尔凯理工大学(Università Politecnica delle Marche)的Giorgia Fattorini在分子水平上证实PrPC影响海马体(hippocampus)中的细胞可塑性,其中海马体是一种具有与记忆相关的重要功能的大脑结构.

Maddalena Caiati和她的同事们证实PrPC通过一种涉及蛋白激酶A(protein kinase A, PKA)的信号转导途径控制突触可塑性.

这项研究只是起点.就未来而言,人们将有趣地更加密切地研究在生理条件下和在导致神经退化性疾病的病理学条件下,朊蛋白在神经元回路发育中所发挥的作用.

大脑发育相关的拓展阅读:

doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5019-12.2013
PMC:
PMID:

Is GABA Co-Released with Glutamate from Hippocampal Mossy Fiber Terminals?


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    2013-03-02 neurowu
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    2013-03-02 lsndxfj
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