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Nature:特殊不饱和脂肪酸让动物活更久

2017-04-14 佚名 药明康德

在人们的印象里,瘦子似乎更健康,他们也应该比胖子活得更久一些。但是,日前斯坦福大学(Stanford University)的研究人员在《自然》杂志上发表的研究给出了一个意外的结果。在以线虫(C. elegans)为模型的实验中,一些在肠道中积累单不饱和脂肪,体型更肥硕的线虫比那些体型更苗条的同类活得更长。这是怎么回事呢?在这项研究中,斯坦福的研究人员最初的目标是用线虫为模型来分析DNA在表观遗传

在人们的印象里,瘦子似乎更健康,他们也应该比胖子活得更久一些。但是,日前斯坦福大学(Stanford University)的研究人员在《自然》杂志上发表的研究给出了一个意外的结果。在以线虫(C. elegans)为模型的实验中,一些在肠道中积累单不饱和脂肪,体型更肥硕的线虫比那些体型更苗条的同类活得更长。这是怎么回事呢?

在这项研究中,斯坦福的研究人员最初的目标是用线虫为模型来分析DNA在表观遗传学上的变化对寿命的影响。表观遗传学上的变化并不会改变DNA的序列,但是会调控基因的表达水平,它是环境因素影响生物体机能的重要途径。研究人员对名为COMPASS的一种蛋白复合物特别感兴趣。这个蛋白复合物的作用是通过催化在组蛋白中特定赖氨酸的甲基化来改变染色质的状态。染色质由DNA和组蛋白组成,它的状态决定了DNA上的基因是否容易被转录表达。以前的研究表明如果线虫中COMPASS复合物的功能缺失,这些线虫的寿命会延长将近30%。在这项研究中,学者们希望找到它们寿命延长的原因。

“我们觉得COMPASS造成的表观遗传学变化可能跟控制饮食类似,”这项研究的资深作者,斯坦福大学遗传学教授Anne Brunet博士说:“所以我们开始分析COMPASS功能缺失的线虫的新陈代谢和体内脂肪水平。”

结果他们发现那些COMPASS功能缺失的线虫不但寿命比同类更长,而且会在肠道中囤积脂肪。跟哺乳动物一样,线虫的脂肪酸也分为饱和脂肪酸,单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸这几类。运用气相色谱/质谱分析,研究人员发现这些囤积脂肪的线虫体内单不饱和脂肪酸的水平显着上升,而多不饱和脂肪酸的水平没有什么变化。这意味着COMPASS功能缺失对线虫的单不饱和脂肪酸的代谢产生了独特的影响。

进一步的研究发现,COMPASS功能缺失造成在肠道中名为Δ-9去饱和酶 (Delta-9 Fatty Acid Desaturase) 的基因表达水平显着上升。这种酶的功能是将多不饱和脂肪酸转化为单不饱和脂肪酸。这是导致线虫身体里单不饱和脂肪酸水平上升的原因。

这个有趣的发现让研究人员不尽想到在人类中的研究表示富于单不饱和脂肪酸的饮食能够降低心脏疾病和糖尿病的风险,而且有些研究表明百岁老人身体里会储存更多的单不饱和脂肪。那么线虫中的单不饱和脂肪的累积是不是有延长寿命的功能呢?

为了确定在肠道中单不饱和脂肪的积累对线虫寿命是否有重要影响,研究人员决定直接给线虫喂单不饱和脂肪酸或者多不饱和脂肪酸。“我们发现即使COMPASS功能正常,单不饱和脂肪酸饮食会导致单不饱和脂肪在线虫肠道中积累,并且延长他们的寿命,而多不饱和脂肪酸饮食没有这种功效。”Brunet博士说。

虽然线虫的寿命只有一百多天,身体的结构跟人类也相差甚远,但是在脂肪代谢途径上线虫与包括人类在内的很多物种都有共同之处。因此研究人员认为在线虫中的发现也可能推广到人类中。

单不饱和脂肪酸在橄榄油、坚果和牛油果等食物中非常丰富,想不想把它们加入到你的食谱中来?

原始出处:Shuo Han,Elizabeth A. Schroeder,Carlos G. Silva-García,et al.Mono-unsaturated fatty acids link H3K4me3 modifiers to C. elegans lifespan.Nature, 544, 185–190 (13 April 2017) doi:10.1038/nature21686.


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    2017-11-11 liye789132251
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    2017-04-14 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    涨知识,学习了

    0

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    2017-04-14 1e1a50a1m36(暂无匿称)

    单不饱和脂肪酸在橄榄油、坚果和牛油果等食物中非常丰富,想不想把它们加入到你的食谱中来

    0

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