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JAMA Netw Open:绝经前妇女乳腺癌家族史与乳腺密度有关吗?

2022-02-24 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

绝经前妇女的FHBC与乳房X线密度呈正相关。本研究结果强调了乳腺密度的遗传因素,以及对有乳腺癌家族史的绝经前妇女进行年度筛查的必要性。

一级亲属(母亲、姐妹)中有乳腺癌(FHBC)阳性家族史的女性患乳腺癌的风险增加2到4倍。乳房X光片上的高密度乳房也会增加患乳腺癌的风险。乳腺密度超过75%的女性患乳腺癌的风险是密度低于5%的女性的4到6倍。绝经前女性的乳房密度比绝经后女性高,因为乳房X光密度随着年龄的增长缓慢下降。

简单来说,乳腺癌家族史(FHBC)和乳腺x线片显示的乳腺密度是乳腺癌的独立危险因素,但FHBC和绝经前妇女乳腺密度之间的关系尚不清楚。本研究通过定量和定性的方法研究绝经前妇女FHBC与乳腺密度的关系。

这项单中心队列研究调查了两个回顾性队列:375名绝经前妇女的发现组和14040名绝经前妇女的验证组。发现组的女性数据收集于2015年12月至2016年10月之间,验证组的女性数据收集于2010年6月至2015年12月之间。数据分析时间为2018年6月至2020年6月。

主要结果是使用Volpara(发现集)和BI-RADS(乳腺成像报告和数据系统)乳腺密度(验证集)对乳腺密度进行定量测量,以体积百分比密度表示。对发现集使用对数变换正态分布,对验证集使用逻辑分布,进行多变量回归。

研究结果显示,在纳入研究的14415名绝经前女性中,发现集和验证集具有相似的特征。在发现集中,与没有FHBC的参与者相比,患有FHBC的参与者更可能具有更高的平均密度体积百分比(11.1%对9.0%)。在多变量调整模型中,患有FHBC的女性的体积百分比密度比没有FHBC的女性高25%;有1名受影响亲属的女性高出24%,但与没有受影响亲属的女性相比,至少有2名受影响亲属的女性高出24%。

乳腺癌家族史、密度体积百分比和BI-RADS乳腺密度类别的关系

在验证数据集中,与无FHBC的女性相比,FHBC阳性的女性更可能有高密度乳房(BI-RADS 3-4)。在多变量调整模型中,与未患FHBC的女性相比,患有FHBC的女性拥有高密度乳房(BI-RADS 3-4)的几率高出30%;有1名受影响亲属的女性高出29%,但与没有受影响亲属的女性相比,至少有2名受影响亲属的女性高出29%。

总之,在这项队列研究中,绝经前妇女的FHBC与乳房X线密度呈正相关。本研究结果强调了乳腺密度的遗传因素,以及对有乳腺癌家族史的绝经前妇女进行年度筛查的必要性。

参考文献:Han Y, Moore JX, Colditz GA, Toriola AT. Family History of Breast Cancer and Mammographic Breast Density in Premenopausal Women. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(2):e2148983. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.48983

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    2022-12-08 canlab
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    2022-02-27 feather89
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