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Medscape:孕期和哺乳期女性需适量补碘

2014-08-20 清晨111 丁香园

近日,美国儿科协会(APP)提出由于胎儿或婴儿对碘需求量的增加,很多妊娠期或哺乳期女性补碘量不足。美国儿科协会建议妊娠期或哺乳期女性每天应补充约290-1100ug碘。因为我们所吃的食盐中含有碘,所以另外需通过膳食补充150ug。Medscape与纽约医学院公共健康学院儿科学副教授Heather Brumberg(美国儿科学会委员会环境健康分会的一员)就此问题进行了一次专家访谈。众所周知,甲状腺激

近日,美国儿科协会(APP)提出由于胎儿或婴儿对碘需求量的增加,很多妊娠期或哺乳期女性补碘量不足。美国儿科协会建议妊娠期或哺乳期女性每天应补充约290-1100ug碘。因为我们所吃的食盐中含有碘,所以另外需通过膳食补充150ug。

Medscape与纽约医学院公共健康学院儿科学副教授Heather Brumberg(美国儿科学会委员会环境健康分会的一员)就此问题进行了一次专家访谈。

众所周知,甲状腺激素对大脑的正常发育非常重要。碘缺乏会导致甲状腺激素分泌障碍,使婴幼儿甲状腺功能减退。因此,婴幼儿发生精神障碍风险增加。即时在轻微低甲病例中,认知发育异常仍可出现。

过去,我们通常使用碘盐补充碘,已经减少或基本消除了碘缺乏症,但近年来,碘缺乏症的发病率又逐步增高。国家健康与营养检验调查对尿液中碘含量进行了检测。结果发现碘缺乏症非常普遍,至少约三分之一的孕妇患有轻微碘缺乏症。

高氯酸盐分子与碘分子形状非常相似,通过钠碘转运体,将碘或其他阴离子转运至甲状腺滤泡细胞或者母乳中,身体吸收时二者存在竞争效应,进而造成碘的缺乏。

亚硝酸盐可能出现在井水中,且亚硝酸盐会干扰体内碘代谢,母乳喂养女性应避免摄入过量的亚硝酸盐。美国儿科协会建议每年相关部门应对所有井水进行硝酸盐等级测试,防止这种情况的发生。

吸烟可产生硫氰酸盐,其与碘存在竞争效应。禁烟和避免二手烟也是防止碘缺乏的另一有效措施。

因此,高氯酸盐、硝酸盐、硫氰酸盐等能在甲状腺和母乳中与碘存在竞争效应,加重碘缺乏。另外,美国加工食物(大部分无碘盐)消费的增加、怀孕或母乳喂养女性未服用足量碘补充剂、多数补充剂未能准确标记等也是造成碘缺乏的重要原因。

事实上,我们很难仅仅通过饮食获取必需碘量。同时,不能清楚标注食物中碘含量,使得精确评估碘含量更具挑战性。

美国儿科协会建议妊娠期或哺乳期女性应避免环境暴露,如井水中的硝酸盐、吸烟中的硫氰酸盐,此外,补充足够的碘也很重要。我们应该将补碘行为融入生活,如口服碘补充剂、食用碘盐、确保使用的井水通过亚硝酸盐测试和戒烟等。

同时,儿科医生、孕妇医疗护理人员、备孕或母乳喂养女性,甚至内科医生也应更加重视该问题。美国儿科协会鼓励使用碘补充剂来补充足够的碘。同时,医护人员应该鼓励妊娠期或哺乳期女性尽量使用碘盐,支持环保机构监管水中高氯酸盐水平,并建议美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)校正碘补充剂中不足的碘含量和不精确的标签。

原始出处:


An Expert Interview With Heather L. Brumberg,Why You Should Talk to Your Pregnant and Nursing Patients About Iodine Supplements.Medscape August 11,2014.

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    2015-05-16 smlt2008
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    2015-06-23 feather89
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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1897962, encodeId=17c7189e962c3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=832c404308' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CAP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4043, encryptionId=832c404308, topicName=CAP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c39f145, createdName=smlt2008, createdTime=Sat May 16 11:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1812732, encodeId=0d941812e32ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e31a901e3e4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#补碘#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90173, encryptionId=e31a901e3e4, topicName=补碘)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=仁心济世, createdTime=Fri Jan 16 04:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725650, encodeId=c91b1e25650d2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Tue Jun 23 00:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1286207, encodeId=173d128620e4a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac4f3996e0f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#哺乳期#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39967, encryptionId=ac4f3996e0f, topicName=哺乳期)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e05e201, createdName=appleandpeer, createdTime=Fri Aug 22 01:11:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1350961, encodeId=6d2313509610a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f5a31596056' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCAP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15960, encryptionId=f5a31596056, topicName=SCAP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Fri Aug 22 01:11:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1458562, encodeId=c935145856249, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6b5511492e2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Medscape#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11492, encryptionId=6b5511492e2, topicName=Medscape)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e4ab6090887, createdName=bnjfx@128.com, createdTime=Fri Aug 22 01:11:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1513969, encodeId=b2d21513969b6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=845339961b7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#哺乳#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39961, encryptionId=845339961b7, topicName=哺乳)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=智者为医08, createdTime=Fri Aug 22 01:11:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1606267, encodeId=0f02160626e64, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Fri Aug 22 01:11:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-08-22 zhaojie88
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