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受了外伤,要不要打破伤风针?

2018-07-04 陈远卓 上海药讯

破伤风是一种急性特易感染性疾病,由破伤风梭状芽孢杆菌的产毒菌株引起。随着暑假的到来和户外活动的增加,生活意外受伤的情形很多。许多老百姓对于受伤后是否要打破伤风针存在很多疑虑,网上关于破伤风问题的答案五花八门,让广大患者摸不着头脑,迷失方向。判断是否应该打破伤风针,需正确认识破伤风。


破伤风是一种急性特易感染性疾病,由破伤风梭状芽孢杆菌的产毒菌株引起。随着暑假的到来和户外活动的增加,生活意外受伤的情形很多。许多老百姓对于受伤后是否要打破伤风针存在很多疑虑,网上关于破伤风问题的答案五花八门,让广大患者摸不着头脑,迷失方向。判断是否应该打破伤风针,需正确认识破伤风。

1破伤风的发病症状

破伤风感染有局部症状、头部症状和全身症状。局部症状的破伤风以损伤部位肌肉痉挛为特征。头部症状与耳感染或头部损伤有关,临床表现为头部神经麻痹。大于80%的破伤风病例为全身性破伤风,表现为全身痉挛麻痹。早期临床表现为颌部肌肉痉挛,牙关紧闭,面部肌肉痉挛,哭笑面容,张口困难。后续可出现背部肌肉持续痉挛,以及全身痉挛,刺激反应频繁。

2破伤风怎么诊断

破伤风主要根据临床特征进行诊断,不依赖于或者说没办法依赖抽血化验、拍片等手段确诊。WHO的成人破伤风定义,需要至少有以下特征之一: 牙关紧闭(张口困难)或苦笑面容; 肌肉挛缩疼痛。由于破伤风也可发生在无特殊外伤病例中,故此定义没有提到外伤史。但此定义虽然没有强调外伤史,但实际临床中,外伤情况是医生诊断破伤风非常重要的信息。

临床还有一项压舌板试验可以用来诊断破伤风,但此方法敏感性并非100%,也不能在潜伏期第一时间诊断,所以临床使用并不是特别多。总体来说,诊断还是主要依赖于医生的经验和综合判断,这也是比较难的地方。

3什么情况下需要打破伤风针?

从伤口性质来看,火器伤、烧伤、动物或人严重咬伤的伤口以及被泥土、粪便、铁锈、化脓感染的伤口建议进行破伤风预防

从伤口程度来看,深度明显超过表皮的肌肉割伤、穿通伤、较深的锐器穿刺伤、开放性骨折伤口建议进行破伤风预防

日常生活中的轻度表皮划伤、表浅洁净的伤口只要做好清创消毒处理,可以不打破伤风针。有严格疫苗接种史并且在保护期内的情况,也不一定需要打破伤风针。

4如何预防破伤风?

一是通过注射抗破伤风抗毒素(TAT)或人破伤风免疫球蛋白(TIG)获得保护抗体的“被动免疫”方式。常说的“打破伤风针”就是此种方式。二是通过注射破伤风类毒素(TT)疫苗,诱导机体产生保护抗体的“主动免疫”方式,即疫苗接种。小儿百白破疫苗里的“破”即指破伤风类毒素。

5受伤后多长时间内打破伤风针最好?

TAT和TIG是受伤后越早注射越好,强调尽早应用。临床上经常会听到24小时之内注射的说法并不准确,因为破伤风感染后发病的潜伏期通常为6-12天,根据其发病机制,没有发病前都应该预防。目前专家共识认为伤后2周内注射TAT或TIG都有价值。

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    2022-11-02 ms9000000557792378

    学习了

    0

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    2018-07-11 txqjm

    谢谢了.学习

    0

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    2018-07-06 wjywjy
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    2018-07-05 易水河

    学习学习了

    0

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    2018-07-05 kafei

    了解下谢谢

    0

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    2018-07-05 张新亮1853311252142e2fm

    好文献学习了

    0

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    2018-07-05 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    了解了解.继续关注

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2098109, encodeId=def4209810934, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cd495579801, createdName=ms9000000557792378, createdTime=Wed Nov 02 20:37:54 CST 2022, time=2022-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=330739, encodeId=c158330e393d, content=谢谢了.学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=30331616752, createdName=txqjm, createdTime=Wed Jul 11 03:13:22 CST 2018, time=2018-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1361719, encodeId=c4eb1361e19c0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=31d9e346426' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#破伤风#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73464, encryptionId=31d9e346426, topicName=破伤风)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=1072181, createdName=wjywjy, createdTime=Fri Jul 06 14:08:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=329490, encodeId=6c3e329490b4, content=学习学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Thu Jul 05 11:46:12 CST 2018, time=2018-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=329421, encodeId=6c85329421e2, content=了解下谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Thu Jul 05 06:58:45 CST 2018, time=2018-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=329409, encodeId=38193294093b, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Thu Jul 05 06:44:09 CST 2018, time=2018-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=329389, encodeId=637f3293898c, content=了解了解.继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jul 05 05:37:27 CST 2018, time=2018-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=329381, encodeId=31153293810e, content=学习了很有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Thu Jul 05 01:42:55 CST 2018, time=2018-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-05 飛歌

    学习了很有用

    0

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