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三级公立医院绩效考核迎来大改革!

2018-12-13 徐木(医疗评论员) “看医界”微信号

近日,第三届国家疾病诊断相关分组(DRGs)论坛在福建省福州市举行,国家卫生健康委医政医管局相关负责人表示,为保证DGRs工作顺利实施,各医院要建立一套科学全面的绩效评价指标,对医院病种的难度、医疗服务整体技术等进行科学考核。《健康报》以“三级公立医院绩效考核明年启动,这些指标很重要!”为题对此进行了报道。

近日,第三届国家疾病诊断相关分组(DRGs)论坛在福建省福州市举行,国家卫生健康委医政医管局相关负责人表示,为保证DGRs工作顺利实施,各医院要建立一套科学全面的绩效评价指标,对医院病种的难度、医疗服务整体技术等进行科学考核。《健康报》以“三级公立医院绩效考核明年启动,这些指标很重要!”为题对此进行了报道。

什么是疾病诊断相关分组(DRGs)

DRGs(Diagnosis Related Groups)中文翻译为(疾病)诊断相关分类,它根据病人的年龄、性别、住院天数、临床诊断、病症、手术、疾病严重程度,合并症与并发症及转归等因素把病人分入500-600 个诊断相关组,然后决定应该给医院多少补偿。DRGs 是当今世界公认的比较先进的支付方式之一。

疾病诊断相关分组(DRGs)与改善医疗服务管理、规范医疗服务行为有啥关系?

报道中说,国家卫生健康委医政医管局相关负责人表示,DGRs是目前国内外公认的改善医疗服务管理、规范医疗服务行为的有效工具。那么DRGs与改善医疗服务管理、规范医疗服务行为有啥关系?

据了解,DRGs最初产生于美国。20世纪70年代,为了科学地进行医疗评价,耶鲁大学卫生研究中心通过对169所医院70万份病历的分析研究,提出了一种新型的住院病人病例组合方案,并首次定名为DRGs。后来,联邦政府卫生财政管理局(HCFA)基于付费的需要,对该项研究进行资助,并研制完成了第二代DRGs,该版本构成了现有版本的基础。

由此可见,人们今天都以为DGRs是一种普遍公认的医疗付费方式,在付费角度,DGRs通过统一的疾病诊断分类定额支付标准的制定,达到医疗资源利用标准化。有助于激励医院加强医疗质量管理,迫使医院为获得利润主动降低成本,缩短住院天数,减少诱导性医疗费用支付,有利于费用控制。也可以有效降低医疗保险机构的管理难度和费用;有利于宏观预测和控制医疗费用。实际上最初开始DRGs研究时,其出发点是科学地进行医疗评价,所以,通过DRGs的推行,为医疗质量的评估也能提供一个科学的、可相互比较的分类方法,有利于改善医疗服务管理、规范医疗服务行为。

为什么在福州?

早在 2016年5月,三明就出台了《关于开展住院费用全部按病种付费工作的通知》(下称《通知》)。《通知》指出,自2016年1月1日起,全市21家县级及以上公立医院开展住院费用全部按病种付费工作,符合条件的民营定点医疗机构可参照执行,基层定点医疗机构自2017年起全面开展住院费用全部按病种付费工作。

三明此举在当时看就有四大特色:一是全市所有公立医疗机构全部同步实施,这在全国很少见; 二是除精神专科继续采用按床日付费以及省上确定的儿童白血病和先天性心脏病、终末期肾病、妇女乳腺癌和宫颈癌、重性精神疾病、耐药肺结核、艾滋病机会感染等8种重大疾病补偿政策仍然按原规定执行,其余住院病例全部纳入按病种付费管理。这比国家对纳入临床路径管理病种数以及各地实施的新农合单病种几十种疾病要多得多; 三是明确了与新农合单病种管理相似的“定额包干、超支自付、结余归己”的原则; 四是参照临床流经管理办法,规定了变异率。

尽管三明所讲的是所有住院病种全部“按病种付费”,但笔者仔细阅读《通知》后发现,其中规定的“付费病种”并不是具体某一个病种,而是某一类病种,如:

序号1,DRGS编码BB11,脑外伤开颅术,伴有严重并发症或伴随症;

序号2,DRGS编码BB15,脑外伤开颅术,不伴有严重并发症或伴随症;

序号3,DRGS编码BB21,其他开颅术,伴有严重并发症或伴随症;

序号4,DRGS编码BB23,其他开颅术,不伴有严重并发症或伴随症。

基本上就把需要开颅手术的所有病种全部包括了,而不是按照脑出血、蛛网膜下腔出血、脑挫伤等等来归类的,实际上这就是三明版的DGRs。

另据了解,去年6月2日,国家卫计委曾在深圳召开DRGs(疾病诊断相关分组)收付费改革试点启动会,明确提出:在全国3个城市(广东省深圳市、福建省三明市、新疆维吾尔自治区克拉玛依市)的公立医院和3个省市级医院(福建省医科大学从属协和医院、福州市第一医院、厦门市第一医院)同步开展DRG试点。

也许,这次将第三届国家疾病诊断相关分组(DRGs)论坛放在福建省福州市举行,与此也有关系。

医疗机构和医务人员需要做好哪些准备?

必须承认DRGs对于我国的医疗服务市场来说还是一个新事物,作为医疗机构和医务人员甚至医院的全员都需要重新认识和适应。

一、必须知道,DRGs是未来医保支付的大趋势。2017年6月国务院办公厅关于进一步深化

基本医疗保险支付方式改革的指导意见(国办发〔2017〕55号)印发。“意见”指出,医保支付是基本医保管理和深化医改的重要环节,是调节医疗服务行为、引导医疗资源配置的重要杠杆。健全医保支付机制和利益调控机制,实行精细化管理,激发医疗机构规范行为、控制成本、合理收治和转诊患者的内生动力,引导医疗资源合理配置和患者有序就医,支持建立分级诊疗模式和基层医疗卫生机构健康发展,切实保障广大参保人员基本医疗权益和医保制度长期可持续发展是医保支付制度改革的指导思想。2017年起,进一步加强医保基金预算管理,全面推行以按病种付费为主的多元复合式医保支付方式。各地要选择一定数量的病种实施按病种付费,国家选择部分地区开展按疾病诊断相关分组(DRGs)付费试点,鼓励各地完善按人头、按床日等多种付费方式。到2020年,医保支付方式改革覆盖所有医疗机构及医疗服务,全国范围内普遍实施适应不同疾病、不同服务特点的多元复合式医保支付方式,按项目付费占比明显下降。

二、必须懂得,DRGs与按病种付费不一样。DRGs与单病种付费相同的地方是,两者的付费标准都预先制定,并且都以疾病诊断以及ICD编码为基础。不同的是, DRGs组仅有几百个,可以覆盖所有病种;而病种数有近万个,单病种付费只能选择少数病种;因此,DRGs比单病种付费的组合方案更为科学、合理。

三、必须明白,主动作为才是明智的选择。大家都知道,我国医院已经进入卫健委+医保局时代,医保局掌控医药价格、医保支付,医院生存与发展更大程度上决定于你能不能适应医保局的节奏。面对即将到来的“新时代”,医院唯有主动作为,积极适应才是明智的选择。

变革时代,媒体别的选择。尽管相对于我国按项目付费为主要支付方式的现状,实施DRGs收付费改革还要走很长一段路程,有一个持续改进和动态完善过程,道阻且长又充满挑战。不仅需要医疗机构内部强大的执行力和把控力,过程中还将涉及各方利益的博弈和融合。然而在国家医改的大版图面前思量,又有哪一次改革不是上甘岭高地争夺战?放眼国家医改的长远规划,只有认准目标因势利导,才能最终取得好的成绩。而不想成为落伍者,就必须迎难而上,走在前列。

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    2018-12-15 whlxd
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    2018-12-13 盖伦

    医改,希望真的对医患都有利

    0

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