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郭艺芳:LEADER研究结果揭晓

2016-06-21 郭艺芳 郭艺芳心前沿

2016年第76届ADA年会正在进行中,LEADER研究(Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results - A Long Term Evaluation)结果的揭晓被视为本届会议最大的看点。据刚公布的结果显示,与安慰剂组相比,在常规治疗基础上加用GLP-1类似物利拉鲁肽

2016年第76届ADA年会正在进行中,LEADER研究(Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results - A Long Term Evaluation)结果的揭晓被视为本届会议最大的看点。据刚公布的结果显示,与安慰剂组相比,在常规治疗基础上加用GLP-1类似物利拉鲁肽可以显著降低2型糖尿病患者主要复合终点事件发生率。这一研究使得利拉鲁肽成为继SGLT-2抑制剂恩格列净(EMPA-REG研究)之后第二种被随机化临床试验证实能够产生心血管获益的降糖药物。

LEADER研究共纳入9340例2型糖尿病患者,纳入标准包括:

1)确诊2型糖尿病;
2)年龄≥50岁并伴心脑血管或外周血管疾病、或慢性肾衰、慢性心衰,或年龄≥60岁并伴其他血管危险因素;
3)HbA1c≥7%。将受试者随机分为两组,在常规降糖和降压基础上分别应用利拉鲁肽(皮下注射,最大剂量1.8 mg/日,4468例)或安慰剂治疗。

主要复合终点为首次发生心血管死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、非致死性卒中。中位数随访时间3.8年。
        
本研究基线特征如下:平均年龄64.3岁,糖尿病病程12.7年,体质量指数32.5,男性占64.3%,平均HbA1c为8.7%,既往有明确心血管病史者占81.3%,接受胰岛素治疗者41.8%,既往有高血压病史者占90%,入选研究时受试者平均基线血压138/78 mmHg,血压≥140/90 mmHg者占45.5%。由基线特征看,LEADER研究所纳入受试者的整体心血管危险水平很高。例如既往有心血管病史者(81.3%)明显多于ACCORD降糖试验(35%)与ADVANCE研究(32%),糖尿病病程(12.7年)明显长于其他降糖试验(EXAMINE为7.2年,SAVOR为10.3年,ACCORD降糖试验为10年,ADVANCE为8年),基线HbA1c水平也高于其他降糖试验。

本研究结果发现:治疗36个月时,与安慰剂组相比,利拉鲁肽组患者HbA1C降低0.4%,体重降低2.3Kg,收缩压降低1.2mmHg但舒张压升高0.6 mmHg,平均心率增加3次/分。利拉鲁肽组与安慰剂组患者主要终点事件发生率分别为13.0%与14.9%(非劣效性检验p<0.0001,优效性检验p<0.01);心血管死亡率分别为4.7%与6.0%(p=0.007);全因死亡率分别为8.2%与9.6%%(p=0.02);两组间非致死性心肌梗死、非致死性卒中与因心衰住院无统计学显著性差异。与安慰剂组相比,利拉鲁肽治疗组微血管事件(肾脏与视网膜病变)发生率降低16%(p=0.02)。两组间胰腺炎发生率无显著性差异。预防一次冠脉事件的NNT=66,预防一次死亡事件的NNT=98。

根据患者基线特征进行分析可见,男性、年龄<60岁、BMI>30、HbA1C>8.3%、糖尿病病程≤11年、无慢性心衰、仅接受一种降糖药物治疗的各亚组患者获益更为显著。

由上述结果可见,利拉鲁肽治疗组患者大血管事件与微血管事件发生率以及死亡率均具有统计学意义的降低,这一研究使得利拉鲁肽成为继恩格列净之后第二种被大型随机化临床试验证实具有硬终点获益的降糖药物。关于此药获益的确切机制尚有待于进一步分析。由现有数据看,其获益机制并非由一种因素所决定,其降糖作用、特别是减轻体重和减小腰围的作用可能是其获益的重要机制,但仅有这些因素似乎难以全部解释其临床获益。因为两组间血压相差幅度很小,其获益难以用血压差异解释。该药确切的获益机制或许涉及到尚不为我们所知的其他潜在的药理学作用。

这一研究证实利拉鲁肽治疗可使2型糖尿病患者显著获益,单纯从学术角度讲,该药已经具备了继恩格列净之后又一种用于二甲双胍治疗基础上的二线降糖药的基本条件。但考虑到利拉鲁肽较高的药物价格以及较高的NNT(预防心血管事件与预防死亡事件的NNT分别为66 与98,明显高于50),短期内广泛临床应用仍存在很大难度。毕竟医疗经济学效应是不可忽略的一个因素。

近来,降糖药物的临床终点研究日渐增多,关于降糖新药的心血管终点试验不断揭晓。从EMPA-REG到LEADER与SUSTAIN-6试验,先后证实了SGLT-2抑制剂恩格列净、GLP-1类似物利拉鲁肽和索玛鲁肽能够带来大血管获益。虽然这些药物获益的最终机制仍有待于深入探讨,但从本质上来讲,这些研究并不能反映降糖新药的心血管净效应,其所揭示的是SGLT-2抑制剂或GLP-1激动剂相对于其他降糖药物(特别是以二甲双胍和磺脲类药物为主的传统降糖药)的获益情况。换言之,这些研究取得阳性结果,所提示的是降糖新药优于传统降糖药。毋庸置疑,这些新药的上市与临床推广应用,为2型糖尿病患者心血管预后的改善带来新希望。也正因如此,随着时间的推移,降糖药物的临床应用格局必将逐渐发生改变。在现阶段,价格因素将成为这些新药广泛推广应用的最大掣肘。

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    2016-09-21 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章很好,非常有益

    0

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    2016-09-21 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章很好,非常有益

    0

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    2016-09-13 舒心和人

    价格不菲确实是难以广泛应用的瓶颈

    0

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=132114, encodeId=e7b61321140f, content=文章很好,非常有益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Sep 21 08:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=132104, encodeId=595c132104a5, content=文章很好,非常有益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Sep 21 08:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=125786, encodeId=3e9e125e862b, content=价格不菲确实是难以广泛应用的瓶颈, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160907/IMG57D00CF1965701770.jpg, createdBy=565c1948251, createdName=舒心和人, createdTime=Tue Sep 13 22:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1739438, encodeId=a8051e39438b4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8041e343504' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究结果#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73435, encryptionId=8041e343504, topicName=研究结果)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=bbcd34536678, createdName=1249894fm84暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Dec 18 21:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90822, encodeId=4bde90822ac, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Wed Jun 22 12:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90821, encodeId=28419082115, content=很不错啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Wed Jun 22 12:13:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-22 milkshark

    值得学习

    0

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    2016-06-22 milkshark

    很不错啊

    0

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