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J Pediatrics:保护新生儿,婴儿汽车座椅的正确使用不可忽视

2015-12-21 QQduhq 译 MedSci原创

2013年,约有8500名1岁以下的婴儿因发生车祸需要住院治疗或急救,135名婴儿死于道路交通事故。正确选择并使用汽车座椅可以使婴儿死亡和伤害的风险降低71%。 许多医院都有儿童旅客安全计划,孕妇接受的产前课程通常也涉及新生儿的安全出行问题,但是由于时间有限,人员配备需求、金融资源和风险管理等问题,讲解的内容十分有限,因此,准爸妈们了解的知识并不全面。 美国国家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)建议

2013年,约有8500名1岁以下的婴儿因发生车祸需要住院治疗或急救,135名婴儿死于道路交通事故。最近的一项研究表明正确选择并使用汽车座椅可以使婴儿死亡和伤害的风险降低71%。 


许多医院都有儿童旅客安全计划,孕妇接受的产前课程通常也涉及新生儿的安全出行问题,但是由于时间有限,人员配备需求、金融资源和风险管理等问题,讲解的内容十分有限,因此,准爸妈们了解的知识并不全面。 

美国国家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)建议,8-9个月的新生儿应使用小型、便携式的汽车后座。当发生车祸时,它将像摇篮一样,这可以减少新生儿脆弱的颈部和脊髓承受的压力。 

俄勒冈健康与科学大学的Benjamin D. Hoffman博士及同事对2013年11月-2014年5月间医院出院的新生儿家庭进行了随访调查。随机抽取了404个家庭,共有291个家庭愿意参与。

每个家庭都要求在汽车内安装新生儿座椅。专业汽车安全技术人员评估新生儿座椅的定位和安装过程是否规范,并纠正错误之处。专业汽车安全技术人员平均在每个家庭花费35分钟。
 
他们发现,95%的家庭至少在汽车座椅的选择和使用方面有一个错误,91%的家庭犯了严重的错误。最常见的错误包括安全带过于宽松、安全带固定夹位置太低、倾斜角度不正确等。15%的家庭可完全按照专业汽车安全技术人员的教导去开车,83%的家庭在开车过程中仍至少存在一个错误。此外,6个家庭的汽车座椅使用过期,3个家庭的新生儿汽车座椅可见明显损伤。 

 
导致新生儿汽车座椅滥用的原因包括社会经济地位较低、受教育程度低、母语非英语。 

研究人员建议每个家庭都应在新生儿尚未出院时将汽车座椅进行改装或修改,并通过专业汽车安全技术人员评估且认可方可使用。

NHTSA 建议使用和安装一个婴儿汽车座椅应包括以下几点:

1.安装时应认真阅读说明书;
2.应使用较低的汽车锚或安全带;要知道如何正确使用安全带;
3.将婴儿座椅固定良好,使其无法左右或前后移动超过1英寸;
4.确保座椅安装的倾斜角度在安全合理的范围内;

Hoffman博士指出,婴儿汽车安全座椅的使用比安装更加困难。因此关键之处在于正确使用,制造商必须着重于使消费者更容易使用和理解。此外,医院应该合理安排相关培训课程及产前教育,以保护新生儿的安全。

原始出处:

Baby safety: know your car seat,MNT,21,Dec,2015

Benjamin D. Hoffman et al.Unsafe from the start: serious misuse of car safety seats at newborn discharge.The Journal of Pediatrics.Dec 18,2015

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    2016-01-29 feather89
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    2016-10-24 hbwxf
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    2016-02-16 mengli1984

    婴儿汽车座椅应该强制执行

    0

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    2016-01-27 1de3b290m83(暂无匿称)

    生命安全

    0

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    2016-01-04 xyfg98

    值得家长关注

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