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县级医院心梗患者病死率高,高龄多、病情重、再灌注率低是主因

2019-12-07 文韬 中国循环杂志

中国农村居民急性心梗死亡率快速上升,增速远超城市居民。为此,CAMI 研究重点比较了省部级、地市级医院和县级医院收治的急性ST 段抬高性心肌梗死(STEMI) 的患者特征、治疗手段以及预后的差异。

在海峡心血管病高峰论坛上,中国医学科学院阜外医院杨进刚医生报告了中国急性心肌梗死注册(CAMI)研究的部分结果。

中国农村居民急性心梗死亡率快速上升,增速远超城市居民。为此,CAMI 研究重点比较了省部级、地市级医院和县级医院收治的急性ST 段抬高性心肌梗死(STEMI) 的患者特征、治疗手段以及预后的差异。

CAMI 研究发现,县级医院收治的患者普遍比省部级和地市级医院患者年龄大,病情重。

虽然县级医院就诊的患者能够在发病3 小时内到达医院的比例高达43.8%。但相比于省、市级医院, 县级医院再灌注治疗率仍明显较低。

就导致不同级别医院死亡率有较大差别,尤其是killip 分级较高的患者,县医院Killip 4 级的患者死亡率接近50%。

研究还发现,心力衰竭/ 休克是我国心梗患者住院死亡的第一位原因,可能与再灌注率低有关。

另外,尽管县级医院收治的心衰患者较多,但利尿剂和醛固酮拮抗剂应用比例反而较低,这可能反应了县级医院对心梗后心衰的处理经验不足。

研究还发现,超过3 小时患者才接受溶栓的患者,在校正混淆变量后,2 年随访复合终点事件(包括全因死亡、心肌梗死和脑卒中)的发生率未优于未接受再灌注治疗患者。

CAMI 研究还分析了80 家医院29 581 例STEMI 患者的医疗质量,发现STEMI 患者救治医院的较高医疗质量与住院死亡率较低有关。与较高医疗质量的医院相比,中等医疗质量医院的住院死亡率增加11%,较低医疗质量医院住院死亡率增加30%。

他介绍,之前北京安贞医院赵冬教授发现,对于我国院内急性心肌梗死的治疗,如果联合应用所有院内心肌梗死最佳治疗策略,仅仅能将中国冠心病总病死率降低9.6%。

这些措施包括应用4种最有效的口服药物和氯吡格雷,NSTEMI 患者应用肝素三级医院接受急诊介入治疗,而在二级医院溶栓等。这是因为中国患者普遍到达医院较晚,不能从再灌注治疗中获益。

因此,“加强患者教育,缩短从发病到再灌注时间,加强心肌梗死的救治的无缝链接,才能从根本上解决问题。”

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    2019-12-09 xlysu

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2014年,原国家卫生计生委和国家中医药局联合印发了《全面提升县级医院综合能力工作方案》(国卫医发〔2014〕48号),启动了第一阶段全面提升县级医院综合能力工作。各地按照我委统一部署,认真组织开展相关工作。经过三年的能力建设,全国300家县级医院已基本达到县级医院综合服务能力推荐标准要求(以下简称达标县医院)。现将达标县医院名单印发给你们,要在进一步加强达标县医院能力建设的同时,发挥其示范带

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