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European Radiology:不同责任血管在三叉神经痛中究竟起着什么作用?

2022-08-04 shaosai MedSci原创

尽管TN及其病因尚未被完全阐明,但神经血管接触(NVC),尤其是三叉神经根入口区(REZ)的NVC被认为与TN高度相关。

众所周知三叉神经痛(TN)显著影响了人类健康和生活质量。然而,TN的诊断和临床管理仍存在一些弊端。例如,其诊断在很大程度上取决于患者的主观痛觉和医生的临床经验,而没有有效的客观测试可以确认诊断。同时临床上对TN/TN的病因学认识不足,阻碍了诊断和治疗的进展。

尽管TN及其病因尚未被完全阐明,但神经血管接触(NVC),尤其是三叉神经根入口区(REZ)的NVC被认为与TN高度相关。人们提出了几种理论来解释NVC和TN之间的关联机制。例如,"短连接 "理论认为,在REZ长期存在的NVC可能引起局灶性脱髓鞘和神经纤维间的交叉连接。具体来说,三叉神经上的脉冲式机械压力会带来神经纤维的脱髓鞘、异位神经冲动和邻近纤维的异常非突触性传导,最终可能导致皮肤刺激引起的阵发性疼痛。然而,不同类型的责任血管对三叉神经和TN的发生有不同的影响。以往的研究一致报道,在单侧TN患者中,受累神经的动脉/动静脉受累的NVC发病率明显高于未受累的神经,显示动脉/动静脉受累的NVC与TN之间存在明显的关联;而静脉受累的NVC则没有这种关联。

近日,发表在European Radiology杂志的一项研究调查了NVC患者人口统计学、临床和影像学因素/变量,从四条动脉之一的受累到神经移位的存在探讨与TN发生的关系(即受影响与未受影响的神经),并根据与疾病相关的因素/变量,开发一个潜在的TN/TN受影响神经的客观筛选工具,为临床准确评估TN/TN神经受累情况提供了有价值的参考。

本研究招募了85名TN患者,并从招募患者中获得了121根有NVC的三叉神经。由一名神经放射学家和一名神经外科医生根据包括平衡涡轮场回波和增强T1高分辨率各向同性体积激发MRI序列确定每条神经的影像学因素/变量,从临床记录中获得人口统计学和临床数据。进行Logistic回归以评估这些因素/变量与TN发生的关系(即受影响与未受影响的神经)。 

在NVC患者中,有三个因素/变量与TN的发生显著相关(P < 0.05):神经的横向性、椎动脉(VA)受累和神经移位的存在。有VA受累的神经、右侧的神经和有神经移位的神经与无VA受累的神经、左侧的神经和无神经移位的神经相比,受TN影响的可能性/数量明显较高。基于这些因素/变量,建立了一个具有可接受准确性的筛查工具/名词解释(C-统计/AUC=0.80)。 


 ab、c显示的是没有NVC的三叉神经。d、e、f显示的是既有NVC又有神经移位的三叉神经。g、h、i显示的是有NVC但没有神经移位的三叉神经。a、d和g是BTFE图像;b、e和h是ETHRIVE图像;c、f和i是两类图像的融合

本项研究揭示了VA受累、神经移位的存在以及神经的横向性与TN发生的关系(即受影响与不受影响的神经)。本研究建立了一个具有临床可接受准确性的筛查模型/工具,可根据这三个影像学因素/变量对TN/TN受累神经进行临床筛查。

原文出处:

Fang Zhang,Guifang Zhang,Hengshan Luo,et al.Significance of different offending vessels and development of a potential screening tool for trigeminal neuralgia.DOI:10.1007/s00330-022-08611-y

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    2022-08-06 贵阳

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