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Clin J Am Soc Nephro:ACCORD研究7.7年随访:糖尿病长期强化降压和贝特类药物降脂或致肾损伤

2018-10-28 朱柳媛 中国循环杂志

2型糖尿病既是心血管病的危险因素,也显着增加慢性肾脏病发生风险,因此,保护心脏和肾脏对于2型糖尿病患者来说非常重要。对于心血管病高危2型糖尿病患者,降糖、降压、降脂是重要的管理策略,但至于这三项指标降至什么程度最佳,目前仍难确定。

2型糖尿病既是血管病的危险因素,也显着增加慢性肾脏病发生风险,因此,保护心脏和肾脏对于2型糖尿病患者来说非常重要。对于血管病高危2型糖尿病患者,降糖、降压、降脂是重要的管理策略,但至于这三项指标降至什么程度最佳,目前仍难确定。

近日在线发表在美国肾脏病学会临床杂志(CJASN)上的ACCORD延展研究——ACCORDION研究7.7年随访结果表明,对于心血管病高风险的2型糖尿病患者来说,强化降压和贝特类药物降脂不仅未能预防心血管事件和死亡,反而可能增加肾功能恶化风险。

值得注意的是,尽管强化降糖在减少大量蛋白尿方面显示出了良好的收益,但在预防肾功能恶化和肾脏透析或移植等事件上无明显益处,也不能预防心血管事件和死亡。

在该研究中,对应于标准治疗策略,强化降糖是指糖化血红蛋白目标值<6%(vs 7%~7.9%)、强化降压是指收缩压目标值<120 mmHg(vs <140 mmHg),强化降脂是指在应用辛伐他汀的基础上加用非诺贝特(vs 安慰剂)。

ACCORDION研究从ACCORD研究中纳入10 139例心血管病高危的2型糖尿病患者,平均随访7.7年。这项事后研究的主要终点为复合肾脏不良事件,包括大量蛋白尿、血肌酐水平翻倍、需要透析、死亡。

分析显示,与标准治疗策略相比,长期强化降糖可将上述复合肾脏不良事件发生风险降低8%、而强化降压和贝特类药物降脂可导致上述事件发生风险均增加16%。

次要终点分析表明,强化降糖可将大量白蛋白尿风险降低32%,而强化降压和贝特类药物降脂分别导致血肌酐水平翻倍风险增加64%和100%。

强化降糖、降压和降脂对肾脏不良事件的影响

研究者指出,在强化降糖研究中,受试者队列特点与本研究最接近的是ADVANCE研究,后者9.9年随访结果显示,强化降糖将大量蛋白尿风险降低了30%,还将终末期肾病风险降低了46%。

而VADT研究发现,强化降糖对白蛋白尿进展、估算肾小球滤过率下降或终末期肾病风险均无影响。本研究中受试者基线糖化血红蛋白平均水平为8.1%,而ADVANCE和VADT研究中分别为7.2%和9.4%;上述三项研究中基线分别有35%、1.5%和52%的患者需要胰岛素治疗。

在降脂治疗方面,ACCORD血脂研究和FIELD研究均显示,短期内贝特类降脂药物升高血肌酐水平的现象可逆转,但ACCORD血脂研究表明,长期应用贝特类药物可导致肾功能不可逆受损。

而且,FIELD研究还发现,贝特类药物应用超过5年可导致估算肾小球滤过率逐渐降低。

研究者认为,鉴于强化降糖、降压和降脂在大血管事件方面无获益,且强化降压和降脂还有导致肾脏受损的风险,相关的临床实践指南可能需要考虑修改了。

然而,述评专家却认为,强化降压和降脂导致血肌酐水平翻倍,并不一定意味着是对肾脏损害,更可能是反映了血肌酐检测例数较少的局限性。他们表示,“这些研究结果实际上提示强化降糖在预防终末期肾病方面可能有获益,而强化降压和应用贝特类药物在这一方面仍无定论。”

原始出处:
Amy K.Mottl, et al. Long-Term Effects of Intensive Glycemic and Blood Pressure Control and Fenofibrate Use on Kidney Outcomes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, October 2018, CJN.06200518; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.06200518

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    2018-10-28 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

    0

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