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盘点:7月Gastroenterology研究精选

2017-07-21 zhangfan MedSci原创

7月Gastroenterology研究精选


【1】封面文章--内镜腺瘤检出率与结肠癌风险


Michal F. Kaminski等考察了内镜腺瘤检出率(ADR)与结直肠癌死亡风险之间的关系。研究对294名内镜医师的146860份结肠镜检查结果进行分析。在研究期间74.5%的内镜医师提高了其内镜腺瘤检出率,在895916个患者随访年中,发生了168例结肠癌事件并导致44例死亡。内镜腺瘤检出率增加与结肠癌发病率(HR 0.63)和死亡率(HR 0.50)降低相关。保持最高的内镜腺瘤检出率(ADR > 24.56%)可显著降低患者结肠癌(HR 0.27)和癌症死亡(HR 0.18)风险。

【2】Sofosbuvir联合Daclatasvir治疗HCV相关的冷球蛋白血症性血管


40-60%HCV感染者血液冷球蛋白呈阳性并有15%的患者发展为冷球蛋白血症性血管炎(CryoVas)。David Saadoun考察了sofosbuvir联合daclatasvir治疗HCV相关的冷球蛋白血症性血管炎的疗效。患者接受400 mg/d的sofosbuvir和 60 mg/d的daclatasvir治疗持续12或24周。在平均治疗12周后,90.2%的患者实现了完全的临床应答,患者的平均冷球蛋白水平从0.56下降到0.21。随访至26个月未发生疾病的复发或严重不良事件。

【3】非腹腔小麦敏感性患者的长期随访研究


Antonio Carroccio等考察了非腹腔小麦敏感性患者(NCWS)99个月后的小麦敏感性。研究对200名患者进行长期随访,其中148人仍坚持严格的无麸饮食。88%的患者症状减缓,其中98%的坚持严格无麸饮食患者其症状得到显著缓解,不坚持无麸质饮食患者的缓解比例为58%。对其中的22例症状缓解者进行重复双盲安慰剂对照研究,20人表现出小麦不耐受症状。研究者认为非腹腔小麦敏感性是一个种持续的心理-生理条件反射。

【4】干细胞疗法治疗肛瘘


克罗恩病患者饱受肛瘘困扰。Allan B. Dietz等进行了一项I期临床研究旨在考察自体骨髓间充质干细胞作为生物基质治疗肛瘘的效果。6个月后,参与研究的12名患者中有10人(83%)实现临床和放射学标记的愈合且无任何安全性事件。

【5】磁共振光谱法用于脂肪肝的检测


磁共振光谱法(1H-MRS)质子密度脂肪率(PDFF)可用于肝脏甘油三酯含量的测定以代替肝标本活检。Patrik Nasr对1H MRS PDFF的检测限进行了考察。研究人员对94名肝酶水平升高患者进行PDFF检测或标本活检。脂肪肝分级使用常规病理学方法,使用体视点计数(SPCs)确定样本中脂肪含量。研究发现1H-MRS PDFF相对于组织病理学结果为0.87,而SPCs为0.88。PDFF超过3.0%对应组织病理学结果阳性的特异性为100%,敏感性为79%。研究确定PDFF超过3.0%的患者即可怀疑为脂肪肝患者。

【6】低聚半乳糖补充可增加肥胖人群肠道双歧杆菌含量


Emanuel E. Canfora等考察了低聚半乳糖(GOS)补充对人体肠道菌群和新陈代谢的影响。研究招募了44名BMI范围28-40的患者,患者随机每日补充15g GOS或安慰剂持续12周。主要终点是胰岛素敏感性变化。研究发现补充GOS可使患者粪便中双歧杆菌增加5倍,但对肠促胰岛素、脂多糖结合蛋白、其他炎症标志物、胰岛素敏感性、身体组成和能量代谢无显著影响。

【7】转化生长因子-β途径在食管腺癌ERB-B2受体酪氨酸激酶耐药过程中的作用


ERB-B2受体酪氨酸激酶2(ERBB2或HER2)抑制剂可治疗多种肿瘤但其耐药性较差。Eva A. Ebbing等考察了食管腺癌(EAC)患者ErbB抑制剂耐药的机制。使用曲妥单抗处理EAC细胞后发现上皮标记物表达减少,间质细胞标记物的表达增加;曲妥珠单抗、帕妥珠单抗与EAC细胞共培养可进一步增加上皮细胞间质转化(MET)标志物的表达,共培养2个月后,EAC细胞表现出对5-氟尿嘧啶、顺铂、卡铂和紫杉醇的耐药性。进一步分析表明,ERBB抑制剂与EAC共培养后开始分泌TGF-β并导致上皮细胞间质转化,在共培养过程中加入TGF-β受体抑制剂可恢复上皮表型表达。研究认为食管腺癌ERB抑制剂耐药是通过转化生长因子-β途径实现的,TGFβ抑制剂可增加曲妥珠单抗和帕妥珠单抗的抗肿瘤效果。

【8】选择性的白介素23单抗用于中重度克罗恩病


Bruce E. Sands 等公布了MEDI2070--一种选择性的白介素23单抗用于中重度克罗恩病的IIa期临床结果。研究招募119名成年中重度克罗恩病患者,随机接受700mg MEDI2070或安慰剂,每4周一次直至112周。治疗8周后,MEDI2070组的临床响应率为49.2%,安慰剂组为 26.7%。24周后,MEDI2070组的临床响应率为53.8%,由安慰剂组交叉进入治疗组患者的响应率为 57.7%。治疗常见的不良事件包括头痛、鼻咽炎以及白介素22水平升高。

【9】锯齿状息肉与结肠直肠癌风险


近日Cecilia Egoavil考察了锯齿状息肉与结肠直肠癌之间的关系。研究招募了53例确诊锯齿状息肉患者以及145名未确诊但整个结肠息肉数超过10个且50%以上是锯齿状的患者。研究人员考察患者及其一级亲属的年龄和性别调整后的标准化结肠癌发病率。研究发现,证实锯齿状息肉病和多个锯齿状息肉患者结肠癌发病率相近(OR,1.35),其一级亲属的结肠癌发病率也相近(OR,1.18),长期随访的组间结肠癌发病率也无显著差异。

【10】HCV三联疗法的疗效评估


研究人员考察了8周的Sofosbuvir-Velpatasvir-Voxilaprevir三联疗法对于 HCV的治疗效果。POLARIS-2试验招募除基因3型以外的HCV感染者, POLARIS-3试验招募存在肝硬化的基因3型感染者。在POLARIS-2研究中,Sofosbuvir-Velpatasvir-Voxilaprevir治疗8周的SVR率为95%达到非劣性终点。在POLARIS-3,96%的患者达到SVR。最常见的不良事件为头痛、疲劳、腹泻和恶心。

【11】食管鳞状细胞癌组织的遗传变化


食管鳞状细胞癌(ESCC)是最常见的食管癌亚型。Xi Liu等对正常食管组织、上皮内瘤样病变(IEN)组织以及食管鳞状细胞癌组织进行测序分析以追踪肿瘤发展过程中的遗传变化。研究发现IEN和ESCC组织和拷贝的变化数量和频率相近。但IEN突变与载脂蛋白B信使RNA编辑酶突变和催化类多肽介导的突变相关,大部分ESCCs突变是IEN突变的早期克隆,大部分突变发生在DNA修复调节、细胞凋亡、增殖和粘附相关基因。食管癌高危人群活检样本分析显示68.9%患者存在慢性炎症,炎症水平与不典型细胞结构和DNA损伤标志物相关。

【12】黄曲霉毒素相关原发性肝癌的遗传特征


膳食中的黄曲霉毒素是肝细胞癌(HCC)的重要危险因素。Weilong Zhang等对于黄曲霉毒素相关肝癌的遗传特征进行了研究。研究收集了49个肿瘤或非肿瘤肝组织样本进行全基因组测序。研究发现黄曲霉毒素相关的肝癌其C>A颠换、GCN序列、链偏向性、TP53以及G蛋白偶联受体粘附B1基因突变频率高。黄曲霉毒素相关的HCC组织中含有较高的潜在突变相关的新抗原、淋巴细胞浸润并且PDL1表达水平较高。中国的肝癌样本中,9.8%的样本存在黄曲霉毒素相关因素,而其他地区的肝癌样本中黄曲霉毒素相关因素的含量仅为0.4%-3.5%。

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    2017-12-15 许安
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    2017-07-22 changjiu

    学习了,谢谢

    0

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