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Nature:外泌体决定肿瘤转移的器官特异性

2015-11-25 张洁/编译 生命奥秘

一项研究表明,肿瘤细胞通过释放外泌体,使受纳器官做好准备,形成转移灶。 癌细胞通过血液由起源部位传播扩散到远处器官是癌症相关死亡的主要原因。这个过程并不随机;相反,一些种类的癌症细胞会通过一系列分子程序,优先寻找特定器官,并在该处筑巢。这种寻找目的地的行为涉及到逃避原发肿瘤的癌细胞(有时也被称为“种子”)和目的器官处的微环境(或叫“土壤”)的互动。而Hoshino等人的研究发现,种子在到达之

一项研究表明,肿瘤细胞通过释放外泌体,使受纳器官做好准备,形成转移灶。

癌细胞通过血液由起源部位传播扩散到远处器官是癌症相关死亡的主要原因。这个过程并不随机;相反,一些种类的癌症细胞会通过一系列分子程序,优先寻找特定器官,并在该处筑巢。这种寻找目的地的行为涉及到逃避原发肿瘤的癌细胞(有时也被称为“种子”)和目的器官处的微环境(或叫“土壤”)的互动。而Hoshino等人的研究发现,种子在到达之前,能通过名为外泌体的胞外囊泡来影响“土壤”,从而为肿瘤转移做好准备。

越来越多证据显示,原发肿瘤转移之前会有一系列的系统性反应,这些反应甚至促使了癌症的转移。这些反应可能包括:机体血管的复杂变化、凝血和炎症——例如,癌症相关的变化包括细胞种类、可溶性蛋白和血液中外泌体的变化。

Hoshino等人把外泌体定义为小小的,把蛋白质、脂质和核酸由一个细胞运输到另一个细胞的,可以随着血液传播到远端的胞外囊泡。外泌体在癌症研究领域引起了很多人的关注——因为一些细胞外囊泡携带致癌基因,促进癌症的形成和疾病进展。

外囊泡,包括外泌体,在转移微环境形成及为转移做准备过程的几个关键事件中起了重要作用,研究者们对此也研究了好几年。例如,黑色素瘤的小鼠模型中,外泌体和毛细管壁之间的互动引起血管通透性变化,使肿瘤细胞能从血管中逃逸,进入一个新位点。此外,外泌体能把致癌基因MET受体蛋白转移到循环的骨髓细胞中,从而改变其行为,为癌症转移做准备。胰腺癌模型中,血液中的外泌体把转移抑制因子蛋白转移到肝脏的库普弗免疫细胞(Kupffer cell)上,引发一连串事件,促进转移微环境的形成。

虽然这些结果表明外泌体促进肿瘤转移,但外泌体是否和如何参与肿瘤的器官特异性转移方面的研究非常匮乏。为研究这一问题,Hoshino等人提出问题:优先转移至肺、肝、脑或骨的癌症细胞是否可能会在转移之前通过外泌体与这些器官进行互动。实验结果正是如此。把癌细胞的外泌体注射到小鼠体内,这些外泌体会滞留在癌细胞倾向于转移的器官中。此外,这些器官特异性的外泌体能与不同的细胞类型互动。例如,靶向肺的外泌体会粘附在肺内的内皮细胞上,而靶向肝脏的外泌体则会进入库普弗免疫细胞。

Hoshino等人把癌细胞的外泌体注入相同的细胞系中,证明了外泌体促进肿瘤的器官特异性转移。然后他们发现了一个有趣的现象——转移到肺部的乳腺癌细胞的外泌体能把另一类通常会转移到骨头的肿瘤细胞重定向到肺部。这一发现进一步证实肿瘤细胞的转移特征并不是自主的,而是由外部因素影响的。

Hoshino等人针对外泌体如何影响器官特异性转移提供了几点线索。他们发现,针对不同器官的外泌体拥有不同的细胞粘附受体蛋白,即细胞表面的整合素(integrin)。不同类型的外泌体会倾向性地进入拥有大量与其表面整合素对应的配体的器官中。例如,αVβ5整合素把外泌体定向到肝脏,而α6β4则定向到肺(图1)。此外,抑制胞外体的表达或整合素的表达,能抑制癌症转移。最后,Hoshino外泌体侵入目的器官时,会引起S100蛋白的合成,从而促进炎症和细胞迁移,并激活Src蛋白——这些都为癌症细胞的转移奠定基础。

图1 为器官特异性转移做准备。a, 外泌体从原发肿瘤的细胞中释放出来,进入血液,把蛋白质、脂质和核酸运输到身体远端的细胞中。Hoshino等人发现,不同肿瘤细胞分泌的外泌体表面的整合素不同。整合素的类型决定了外泌体粘附的细胞类型。例如,整合素 α6β4 和 α6β1在肺转移中起关键作用,而整合素 αvβ5 在肝转移中起关键作用。b, 外泌体的内含物会引起目标器官的细胞变化,从而为癌症转移做准备。外泌体引导其来源癌细胞进入特定器官,促进肿瘤细胞发生器官特异性的转移和增殖。

这些重要发现扩大我们对肿瘤器官特异性转移的认识。然而,如何把这一认识转化为临床手段还需要更充分的研究。Hoshino等人证实了整合素的表达可以预测转移,指出外泌体整合素用于癌症诊断的潜能。他们的数据还表明,整合素抑制剂可能会减少特定器官癌症的转移。但在许多情况下,晚期癌症会扩散到多个器官,限制了器官特异性转移疗法的应用前景。

需要注意的是,肿瘤转移的分子通路(无论是外泌体依赖和独立的)可能非常多。因此,它们可能受很多相关因素影响:肿瘤细胞中的不同通路的激活、肿瘤中的一个特定分子亚型的出现,以及干预治疗等。例如,乳腺癌分子亚型之间的脑转移发生率不同,致癌蛋白ERBB2型乳腺癌,即使在ERBB2抑制剂有效治疗后,仍更倾向于转移到脑。科学家们不清楚的是,ERBB2抑制剂治疗是否会影响,以及如何影响器官倾向性的外泌体的释放。他们对这一课题的研究怀有极大兴趣。同样,炎症、凝血功能异常和其它癌症相关的生理变化可能会与外泌体的器官定向机制有关,因此在分析转移路径时,必须充分考虑这些因素。因此,不同类型的癌症中外泌体定向特定器官和影响“土壤”的机制还需要更充分的研究。

原文检索:Janusz Rak.et.al. Organ-seeking vesicles.  Nature, 527(1038): 312-313.

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=233219, encodeId=c026233219a9, content=好复杂的机制, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cabb1969833, createdName=semrour, createdTime=Sun Aug 13 18:48:06 CST 2017, time=2017-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=220973, encodeId=d2072209e367, content=很好,不错,以后会多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Tue Jul 11 08:54:36 CST 2017, time=2017-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=214404, encodeId=e3b4214404fa, content=外泌体与微环境中的炎症细胞,纤维母细胞相互作用值得研究。癌症常常伴发纤维母细胞的增生及炎症反应。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NebL6HUuazlWRDicKU30ib7MWct2QQNWiao1ntOx2x5WUHGVw7R8NBdVuXbznuDsHKg3ImrnRyHGr8WSmKTnycicXEf/0, createdBy=bcd81373695, createdName=dpbl_zlh, createdTime=Fri Jun 23 15:23:06 CST 2017, time=2017-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=195455, encodeId=44b819545548, content=涨知识了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=550d2008262, createdName=luominglian113, createdTime=Mon May 08 16:49:30 CST 2017, time=2017-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149418, encodeId=e901149418c1, content=外泌体用动物模型才能做吗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=57ab1959292, createdName=boc_111, createdTime=Tue Oct 18 08:19:56 CST 2016, time=2016-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149417, encodeId=99e514941ed5, content=外泌体, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=57ab1959292, createdName=boc_111, createdTime=Tue Oct 18 08:19:30 CST 2016, time=2016-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149416, encodeId=0a101494168e, content=谢谢分享学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=57ab1959292, createdName=boc_111, createdTime=Tue Oct 18 08:19:18 CST 2016, time=2016-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=124979, encodeId=605c1249e97d, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue Sep 13 11:40:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=124981, encodeId=f4301249818b, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue Sep 13 11:40:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=118861, encodeId=460911886129, content=学习啦,,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Sat Sep 10 11:16:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-08-13 semrour

    好复杂的机制

    0

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    2017-07-11 李东泽

    很好,不错,以后会多学习

    0

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    2017-06-23 dpbl_zlh

    外泌体与微环境中的炎症细胞,纤维母细胞相互作用值得研究。癌症常常伴发纤维母细胞的增生及炎症反应。

    0

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    2017-05-08 luominglian113

    涨知识了,谢谢分享

    0

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    2016-10-18 boc_111

    外泌体用动物模型才能做吗

    0

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    2016-10-18 boc_111

    外泌体

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=233219, encodeId=c026233219a9, content=好复杂的机制, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cabb1969833, createdName=semrour, createdTime=Sun Aug 13 18:48:06 CST 2017, time=2017-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=220973, encodeId=d2072209e367, content=很好,不错,以后会多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Tue Jul 11 08:54:36 CST 2017, time=2017-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=214404, encodeId=e3b4214404fa, content=外泌体与微环境中的炎症细胞,纤维母细胞相互作用值得研究。癌症常常伴发纤维母细胞的增生及炎症反应。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NebL6HUuazlWRDicKU30ib7MWct2QQNWiao1ntOx2x5WUHGVw7R8NBdVuXbznuDsHKg3ImrnRyHGr8WSmKTnycicXEf/0, createdBy=bcd81373695, createdName=dpbl_zlh, createdTime=Fri Jun 23 15:23:06 CST 2017, time=2017-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=195455, encodeId=44b819545548, content=涨知识了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=550d2008262, createdName=luominglian113, createdTime=Mon May 08 16:49:30 CST 2017, time=2017-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149418, encodeId=e901149418c1, content=外泌体用动物模型才能做吗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=57ab1959292, createdName=boc_111, createdTime=Tue Oct 18 08:19:56 CST 2016, time=2016-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149417, encodeId=99e514941ed5, content=外泌体, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=57ab1959292, createdName=boc_111, createdTime=Tue Oct 18 08:19:30 CST 2016, time=2016-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149416, encodeId=0a101494168e, content=谢谢分享学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=57ab1959292, createdName=boc_111, createdTime=Tue Oct 18 08:19:18 CST 2016, time=2016-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=124979, encodeId=605c1249e97d, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue Sep 13 11:40:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=124981, encodeId=f4301249818b, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue Sep 13 11:40:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=118861, encodeId=460911886129, content=学习啦,,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Sat Sep 10 11:16:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-18 boc_111

    谢谢分享学习了

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=233219, encodeId=c026233219a9, content=好复杂的机制, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cabb1969833, createdName=semrour, createdTime=Sun Aug 13 18:48:06 CST 2017, time=2017-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=220973, encodeId=d2072209e367, content=很好,不错,以后会多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Tue Jul 11 08:54:36 CST 2017, time=2017-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=214404, encodeId=e3b4214404fa, content=外泌体与微环境中的炎症细胞,纤维母细胞相互作用值得研究。癌症常常伴发纤维母细胞的增生及炎症反应。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NebL6HUuazlWRDicKU30ib7MWct2QQNWiao1ntOx2x5WUHGVw7R8NBdVuXbznuDsHKg3ImrnRyHGr8WSmKTnycicXEf/0, createdBy=bcd81373695, createdName=dpbl_zlh, createdTime=Fri Jun 23 15:23:06 CST 2017, time=2017-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=195455, encodeId=44b819545548, content=涨知识了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=550d2008262, createdName=luominglian113, createdTime=Mon May 08 16:49:30 CST 2017, time=2017-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149418, encodeId=e901149418c1, content=外泌体用动物模型才能做吗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=57ab1959292, createdName=boc_111, createdTime=Tue Oct 18 08:19:56 CST 2016, time=2016-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149417, encodeId=99e514941ed5, content=外泌体, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=57ab1959292, createdName=boc_111, createdTime=Tue Oct 18 08:19:30 CST 2016, time=2016-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149416, encodeId=0a101494168e, content=谢谢分享学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=57ab1959292, createdName=boc_111, createdTime=Tue Oct 18 08:19:18 CST 2016, time=2016-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=124979, encodeId=605c1249e97d, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue Sep 13 11:40:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=124981, encodeId=f4301249818b, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue Sep 13 11:40:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=118861, encodeId=460911886129, content=学习啦,,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Sat Sep 10 11:16:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-13 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

    0

  9. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=233219, encodeId=c026233219a9, content=好复杂的机制, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cabb1969833, createdName=semrour, createdTime=Sun Aug 13 18:48:06 CST 2017, time=2017-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=220973, encodeId=d2072209e367, content=很好,不错,以后会多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Tue Jul 11 08:54:36 CST 2017, time=2017-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=214404, encodeId=e3b4214404fa, content=外泌体与微环境中的炎症细胞,纤维母细胞相互作用值得研究。癌症常常伴发纤维母细胞的增生及炎症反应。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NebL6HUuazlWRDicKU30ib7MWct2QQNWiao1ntOx2x5WUHGVw7R8NBdVuXbznuDsHKg3ImrnRyHGr8WSmKTnycicXEf/0, createdBy=bcd81373695, createdName=dpbl_zlh, createdTime=Fri Jun 23 15:23:06 CST 2017, time=2017-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=195455, encodeId=44b819545548, content=涨知识了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=550d2008262, createdName=luominglian113, createdTime=Mon May 08 16:49:30 CST 2017, time=2017-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149418, encodeId=e901149418c1, content=外泌体用动物模型才能做吗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=57ab1959292, createdName=boc_111, createdTime=Tue Oct 18 08:19:56 CST 2016, time=2016-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149417, encodeId=99e514941ed5, content=外泌体, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=57ab1959292, createdName=boc_111, createdTime=Tue Oct 18 08:19:30 CST 2016, time=2016-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149416, encodeId=0a101494168e, content=谢谢分享学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=57ab1959292, createdName=boc_111, createdTime=Tue Oct 18 08:19:18 CST 2016, time=2016-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=124979, encodeId=605c1249e97d, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue Sep 13 11:40:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=124981, encodeId=f4301249818b, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue Sep 13 11:40:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=118861, encodeId=460911886129, content=学习啦,,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Sat Sep 10 11:16:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-13 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注

    0

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    2016-09-10 医路开来

    学习啦,,

    0

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细胞间信息交流的新载体——外泌体(exosomes)研究进展

   外泌体(exosomes)是细胞分泌的纳米级别膜性小泡,在20世纪80年代初就已经被发现,但其在细 胞间所起到的信息交流作用,直至最近才开始为人们所认知.应用大规模分析技术使得exosomes中的复杂成分不断被确定,因为其中的脂质、蛋白质和 RNA成分在脂质膜的保护下具有充分的生物学活性,可有效发挥对受体细胞的调节作用,引起科学界的极大兴趣,逐渐成为研究热点之一.我们

Nature:外核体的特殊靶标或可预测癌症的转移走向

图片来源:medicalxpress.com 理解肿瘤为何会在特殊器官中发生转移而不会在别的器官中转移是肿瘤学研究领域的一大目标,126年前,英国伦敦皇家医院的助理外科医生斯蒂芬佩吉特(Stephen Paget) 提出了癌细胞转移的”种子与土壤”假说,该假说指出,癌症转移需要肿瘤细胞的扩散,同时也需要目的器官中良好的环境。 近日,一项发表于国际著名杂志Nature上的研究报告中,来自西班

外泌体(Exosome)知识与检测方法

  一、 Exosome 简介      最近几年,一种叫做Exosome的小囊泡正受到大家广泛的关注。Exosome是直径约为30-150nm,密度在1.13-1.21g/m1的小囊泡。Exosome天然存在于体液中,包括血液、唾液、尿液和母乳,外泌体(Exosome)是活细胞分泌的来源于晚期核内体(也称为多囊泡

液体活检技术临床应用进展:CTC,ctDNA和外泌体检测

液体活检(Liquid biopsy)的检测方法,可以捕获到进入血液的其它细胞或DNA,从而替代了疾病的诊断,例如肿瘤。关于这些检测方法的价值,现在还有很多不清楚的地方,但是许多医生认为,这些检测方法是一个很大的进步,可能可以为更多的病人实现个体化治疗。 这些检测方法是第一次非介入性地,可重复性地抽取肿瘤样本,医生们从而可以建立基因表达谱,靶向突变用药,快速判断治疗是否有效,及随肿瘤的发

Nature:外泌体可能是癌症播散真正的种子

了解肿瘤转移至一种特定器官而不去到其他器官处的原因是肿瘤学的首要目标之一,也是最古老的目标之一。126年前,英国医生Stephen Paget阐述了他的“种子与土壤理论”,主张转移需要肿瘤细胞传播即“种子”,和受纳器官理想的环境即“肥沃的土壤”。然而,自那时以后在阐析引导癌症转移至特异器官的机制方面一直未取得极大的进展。 近来,西班牙国家癌症中心(CNIO)微环境和癌症转移小组组长H

Cancer Cell:或可通过外泌体监测癌症进展

研究人员发现,当癌细胞扔出它的垃圾时,它可以将健康邻细胞转变为肿瘤细胞。 许多细胞,包括癌细胞都会释放出成千上万称作为外泌体(exosomes)的微小膜结构囊泡,其中包含有蛋白质、DNA和RNA。这一过程被认为是一种废物处理系统,但它有可能也促进了细胞间的通讯:其中的一些囊泡随后可以与其他细胞融合,向细胞内倾倒它们的载荷。 在发表于10月23日《癌细胞》(Cancer C

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