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ESC 2021丨马长生教授:预期ETNA-AF中国研究结果将与国际一致,艾多沙班在大多数房颤患者中具有优势

2021-09-14 POCKETIN “心关注”公众号

ESC 2021大会上多项ETNA-AF研究结果发布,一起来看下我国房颤抗凝的现状吧。

ETNA-AF是规模最大的单个NOAC的多中心、前瞻性、非干预性研究,旨在评估艾多沙班在常规临床实践中用于房颤患者的安全性和疗效。ESC 2021大会上多项ETNA-AF研究结果发布,POCKETIN特别邀请ETNA-AF中国研究PI、首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院马长生教授受专访,解析艾多沙班最新真实世界研究结果,分享房颤患者抗凝药物选择方案,探讨如何改善我国房颤抗凝的现状。

ETNA-AF全球和欧洲研究证实了艾多沙班在真实世界应用的有效性和安全性,中国研究进展顺利

POCKETIN:ESC 2021大会上ETNA-AF全球和欧洲研究发布了新的分析结果,您对此如何看待?ETNA-AF中国研究进展如何?

马长生教授:ETNA-AF研究从不同角度进行的亚组分析结果都很好,证实艾多沙班在真实世界可以减少卒中,减少大出血。针对我们临床比较担忧的肾功能恶化问题,约90%患者随访2年未发现肾功能恶化。这些结果更加支持我们在真实世界中更好地使用艾多沙班。真实世界研究发现出血率很低,甚至比RCT(ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48研究)中更低,它体现了一种趋势,带来更多、更全面的信息,增加了一次再检验RCT结果的机会。

ETNA-AF China研究进展顺利,已经入选约1600例患者,很快将入选完毕,1年后会有初步随访结果。艾多沙班在欧洲以及日本和韩国应用量非常大,临床效果和安全性都很好,我们乐观预期ETNA-AF China研究结果与国际研究不会有偏差,也会取得好的结果。

房颤治疗新进展:房颤检出率明显提高,抗凝治疗促使卒中发病率出现拐点,节律控制可以改善预后

POCKETIN:能否分享一下近年来房颤领域研究的一些最新进展?

马长生教授:近年来房颤检出率明显升高。随着现在房颤检测、就诊和医疗的进步,患者有症状就积极就医,加上反复体检,越来越多的房颤得到及时诊断。中国最新研究显示,45岁以上成年人房颤患病率达到约1.7%,而早些年我们认为只有0.7%~0.8%。不断有新的房颤筛查技术面世,未来通过佩戴特定的手表就可以监测是否有房颤以及确定房颤负荷,这对抗凝治疗决策也很重要,有助于进一步精细化管理患者。

另外,英国2019年发表的文章率先得出结论,随着抗凝治疗进展,NOAC广泛应用,过去几十年尤其过去十几年来每10万人群房颤卒中的发病率终于出现拐点。在发达国家如西欧和美国,NOAC加上华法林的抗凝治疗率已经超过70%,甚至80%,这些措施终于被证实可降低房颤卒中患病率,这一结果非常重要。

20年前AFFIRM研究证明节律控制不改善预后,而最新研究证实节律控制即抗心律失常药物加导管消融可显着改善房颤患者预后,这出乎大家意料。为何如此?因为房颤得到了强化管理,血压、动脉粥样硬化、心力衰竭等的管理都变得更好;抗心律失常药物得到优化,尤为重要的是我们应用了更好的抗凝药物—NOAC。强化药物管理加节律控制可以改善预后,让房颤整体治疗变得乐观,相信其预后会更进一步改善。

预期5年后我国城市房颤患者抗凝比例接近发达国家,10年后农村也会明显改善

POCKETIN:三甲医院房颤抗凝有很大提升,但全国情况仍不容乐观,有哪些经验可以推广?您对改善房颤抗凝有何建议?

马长生教授:第一,最近10余年,NOAC上市后,我国房颤领域医生教育培训有明显提高,NOAC应用迅速增加。第二,随着电视、报纸、网络公共健康教育开展,患者抗凝意识改善。第三,我国经济条件在改善,医保支付能力提高,药品价格降低。

10年前我国住院房颤患者抗凝治疗率仅约20%,现在北京、上海等发达城市已经达到约70%,有非常显着的提升,但还未做到最好。我国房颤抗凝的核心问题在于,城市和农村经济发展水平区别很大。目前发达国家房颤患者服用NOAC都是在社区完成,而不是在大医院。而我国早些年受医保政策影响,社区抗凝尚无NOAC可用,社区医生对华法林抗凝会担心不能良好控制,担忧出血风险。改善房颤抗凝行之有效的方法是继续加强医生尤其是基层和社区医生的培训,也要继续加强对广泛患者的健康教育,还需要医保政策和政府管理支持,增加投入,提高资源应用的效率。总体上我国房颤抗凝形势会越来越好。我预期,再过5年,城市房颤抗凝会接近发达国家,再过10年左右,农村也会变得更好。

艾多沙班兼具减少出血和减少栓塞事件,在大多数房颤患者中有很大优势

POCKETIN:对房颤患者个体,我们如何进行具体的NOACs选择?

马长生教授:对4种NOAC我们都要有清楚的认识,这些NOAC之间没有头对头比较。我们需要考虑以下几点:第一,NOAC主研究即RCT结果,是最为可靠的证据,另外还有大量真实世界研究证据。这些研究证实,所有NOAC的最大优点是相对华法林减少致命性出血,对颅内出血的减少达到约50%。这一点最为重要,NOAC凭此就应该取代华法林。第二,不同NOAC之间如何选择?要根据药物特点,包括合并用药情况,比如需要与决奈达隆合用时,不推荐达比加群,可以应用艾多沙班;另外艾多沙班除与其他NOAC一样,相对华法林明显减少大出血(20%)和颅内出血(约50%)外,艾多沙班60 mg在亚洲人群中还能够降低血栓栓塞事件(卒中/体循环栓塞)风险约20%,因此在日本和韩国应用率非常高,对大多数房颤患者来说有非常大的优势。

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    2021-09-14 ms6000001696729929

    学习一下(≧ω≦)/

    0

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    2021-09-14 心介

    房颤,临床上碰到很多哦

    0

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