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CMI:H7N9禽流感患者免疫反应和临床结局相关影响因素

2014-01-07 xiaorong699 dxy

进入秋冬季后,H7N9病毒又卷土重来。浙江,广东相继报告多例人感染H7N9禽流感病例。关于这一新病毒引起的机体的免疫反应和该疾病的临床特征还未知。来自上海市公共卫生临床中心的研究人员对该中心收治的18例病人的临床特征和机体的免疫反应进行研究分析。结果认为,病人体内的高病毒载量和强烈的细胞因子风暴是人感染H7N9禽流感重要的发病机制。该研究发表在 2013年12月18日的《临床微生物和感染》(cli

进入秋冬季后,H7N9病毒又卷土重来。浙江,广东相继报告多例人感染H7N9禽流感病例。关于这一新病毒引起的机体的免疫反应和该疾病的临床特征还未知。来自上海市公共卫生临床中心的研究人员对该中心收治的18例病人的临床特征和机体的免疫反应进行研究分析。结果认为,病人体内的高病毒载量和强烈的细胞因子风暴是人感染H7N9禽流感重要的发病机制。该研究发表在 2013年12月18日的《临床微生物和感染》(clinic microbiology and infection)杂志上。

该研究共纳入了18位被确诊为人感染H7N9禽流感的病人。这些病人在确诊后都被转移到上海公共卫生临床中心集中管理治疗。这些病人根据病情的转归被分为两组,A组共12位病人,在发病后40天内出院。B组病人共六例,包括死亡病例和由于病情的严重持续住院的病人。

研究人员收集了这些病人的基本信息,临床表现,并发症,病毒检测,治疗方案,病人的转归情况还有病人住院期间的临床实验室检查的数据。由于病例数较少研究人员通过单因素方差分析来评价与临床结局有关的影响因素。这18位病人的中位年龄为71岁(IQR,62-78)。其中14位(77.78%)为男性。有一个以上的慢性病病史的病人14位(77.78%)。通过询问病史,只有3例病人在发病前7天内有过直接接触活禽的经历。在发病后到住院的中位时间为7天(IQR 6-9)。

临床特征

在发病早期,发热,咳嗽是病人的共同症状。有一半的病人有咳痰,呼吸急促的症状。B组的4位病人和A组的1位病人出现中重度的急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)。通过单因素逻辑分析发现,ARDS与较差的临床结局有关(OD值为22,95%CI为1.54-134.29,P=0.023)。出现ARDS与不出现ARDS的病人相比,两者的生存率差异明显(p=0.0010)。

通过单因素逻辑回归分析与较差临床结局相关的影响因素

病毒动力学

两组病人的咽拭子中位病毒载量为A组2.94(IQR 2.26-3.37),B组为4.19(IQR 3.10-4.68),两者无统计学差异(P=0.0720)。虽然有文献报道,高病毒载量与病毒的耐药性突变有关(NA序列上的R292K),还有较差的临床结局有关。但是在该研究中,研究人员发现从发病到住院间隔时间(OD值为1.4,95%CI为0.20-10.03,P=0.73),还有病人的咽拭子的病毒载量(OD值为12,95%CI为1.94-53.88,P=0.056)与病人的临床结局无关。

细胞因子

研究人员检查了IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-,TNF-α MIP-1β细胞因子。B组的IL-6, IL-8和MIP-1β比A组病人要高(P<0.01)。血浆中IL-6>97pg/ml (OD值为55,95%CI为2.83-168.35,P=0.008)和IL>40pg/ml(OD值为55,95%CI为2.83-168.35,P=0.008)与较差的临床结局有关。

实验室检测

所有的病人都出现了低淋巴细胞血症(<1.5×109 淋巴细胞/L)。B组的淋巴细胞计数要低于A组(p<0.05)。所有病人的T细胞亚群(CD3,CD4,CD8)出现明显下降。淋巴细胞计数<0.5×109 淋巴细胞/L与较差的临床结局有关。有13位(72.2%)病人出现低血小板血症(<1.5×109血小板/L)。

所有病人的纤维蛋白降解产物和D-二聚体持续上升,C反应蛋白(CRP)都升高。所有病人的谷草转氨酶升高。B组病人的血,尿肌酐都出现升高。其中,血肌酐> 90mol/L和CRP>90mg/L是较差临床结局的危险因素。

总之,该文章分析人感染H7N9病人的临床特征,及与临床结局相关的危险因素。这些信息对评估病情的严重程度和合适的临床决策有很大的帮助。虽然常规的实验室方法不能特异性地诊断H7N9感染,但是临床实验室的检查可以为临床处理提供参考。病人体内的高病毒载量和强烈的细胞因子风暴是人感染H7N9禽流感重要的发病机制。故提示我们应该早期诊断H7N9感染,并有效地进行抗病毒治疗,才能避免产生强烈的细胞因子风暴。

原文出处:
Shen Z, Chen Z, Li X, Xu L, Guan W, Cao Y, Hu Y, Zhang J.Host immunological response and factors associated with clinical outcome in patients with the novel influenza A H7N9 infection.Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013 Dec 18. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12505. 

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