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BMJ Open:一项横断面研究:中国非吸烟女性儿童时期二手烟暴露与患高脂血症和冠心病的联系

2021-07-16 “心关注”公众号 “心关注”公众号

二手烟(SHS)指的是从燃烧的烟头和活跃烟民呼出烟雾中气体和粒子的混合物。目前的研究结果表明,暴露于SHS与各种健康问题有关,如2型糖尿病、高血压、非酒精性脂肪肝、卒中、心血管疾病、肺癌以及较于不吸烟

二手烟(SHS)指的是从燃烧的烟头和活跃烟民呼出烟雾中气体和粒子的混合物。目前的研究结果表明,暴露于SHS与各种健康问题有关,如2型糖尿病、高血压、非酒精性脂肪肝、卒中、心血管疾病、肺癌以及较于不吸烟者的过早死亡。如今,儿童SHS暴露引起了越来越多的社会关注。在所有年龄组中,儿童对是否暴露于SHS环境中的控制较少,因此更易受到SHS的危害。父母吸烟已被广泛认为是不吸烟儿童接触二手烟的主要来源,并对他们的身心甚至心理健康产生严重危害。一项研究芬兰年轻人的心血管风险报告称,儿童时期暴露于父母吸烟环境与成年后亚临床心脑血管疾病的风险增加有关。此外,研究还发现,儿童时期暴露于SHS可增加成年后颈动脉内膜-中膜复合体厚度。然而,目前可用于系统评估儿童SHS暴露与日后发生代谢性疾病、高血压或冠心病之间联系的数据有限,因此,Wang K等对中国非吸烟女童SHS暴露展开了一项横断面研究。

目的

评估儿童SHS暴露对中国非吸烟女性2型糖尿病、高血压、高脂血症和冠心病的影响。

方法

在这项横断面研究中,通过问卷调查的方式获得儿童SHS暴露的数据。自述的SHS暴露定义为父母中至少有一人在儿童时期吸烟。该研究共调查了6522例40周岁以上女性,最终有2120例被纳入本次分析。(图1)

图1. 研究设计流程图

结果

一、基线特征

在2120例参与者中,596例(28.1%)自述在18岁之前有SHS暴露,1524例(71.9%)声称在18岁之前没有SHS暴露。如表1所示,儿童SHS暴露组总体平均年龄为55.52岁(±8.98),未暴露组平均年龄为57.23岁(±9.43)。儿童SHS暴露组与未暴露组当下处于SHS暴露环境的比例为(51.2% vs.32.1%)。此外,儿童SHS暴露组的饮酒比例高于未暴露组(15.8% vs. 8.3%),且在运动强度和教育程度上,两组比较差异显着。然而,肥胖比例与儿童SHS暴露与否无显着相关性。在2120例参与者中,儿童SHS暴露组的糖尿病、高血压、高脂血症和冠心病的患病率分别为15.77%、31.38%、9.9%和12.42%。

表1. SHS暴露与否的女性参与者的基线特征

二、儿童SHS暴露与疾病之间的关联

根据SHS暴露状态分级的一些代谢性疾病和冠心病的OR值和95%置信区间,见表2。在校正后的模型1中,儿童SHS暴露与糖尿病及高血压发病之间没有相关性(P=0.628,P=0.691);此外,儿童SHS暴露与冠心病发病有统计学差异(P=0.026)。在校正后的模型2中,儿童SHS暴露与高脂血症的发生相关(校正后OR:1.47;95%CI:1.02-2.11;P=0.037);同时,儿童SHS暴露与冠心病间存在显着相关性(P=0.017),这提示高脂血症是患冠心病的重要危险因素。在校正后的模型3中,儿童SHS暴露与冠心病的发生相关(校正后OR:1.41;95%CI:1.01-1.98;P=0.045)。

表2. 相关变量校正后儿童SHS暴露与疾病之间的关联

结论

本研究表明,儿童SHS暴露对非吸烟女性人群的高脂血症和冠心病有显着影响,提示儿童SHS暴露可能是在成年后发生高脂血症和冠心病的重要危险因素。同时,这些发现也表明,女性SHS暴露是一项紧急的公共卫生事件,特别是儿童时期的SHS暴露。因此,政府应采取措施提高人们对二手烟暴露的健康危害认识,通过提供无烟草环境来限制二手烟暴露,并完善相关法律法规。

原始出处:

Wang K , Wang Y , Zhao R , et al. Relationship between childhood secondhand smoke exposure and the occurrence of hyperlipidaemia and coronary heart disease among Chinese non-smoking women: a cross-sectional study[J]. BMJ Open, 2021, 11(7):e048590.

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    2021-12-16 feather89
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    2021-11-15 gaoxiaoe
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1981378, encodeId=f33f19813e825, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f78e28313c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#儿童时期#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28313, encryptionId=f78e28313c1, topicName=儿童时期)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1e72268, createdName=zhixianchen, createdTime=Tue Feb 01 16:53:56 CST 2022, time=2022-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2041581, encodeId=55dd204158115, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a8de6299654' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#横断面#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62996, encryptionId=a8de6299654, topicName=横断面)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=21015, createdName=heli0118, createdTime=Wed Sep 15 21:53:56 CST 2021, time=2021-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1729045, encodeId=fca41e2904552, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Thu Dec 16 17:53:56 CST 2021, time=2021-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1849293, encodeId=0e731849293cb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Mon Nov 15 17:53:56 CST 2021, time=2021-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1340140, encodeId=ff2a13401401a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=77b0239266a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#二手烟#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23926, encryptionId=77b0239266a, topicName=二手烟)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1dfd2500156, createdName=12498c24m69暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Jul 18 09:53:56 CST 2021, time=2021-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1574672, encodeId=e92d15e467245, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9b56102616bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高脂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102616, encryptionId=9b56102616bb, topicName=高脂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c3b716021149, createdName=pcw111, createdTime=Sun Jul 18 09:53:56 CST 2021, time=2021-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1981378, encodeId=f33f19813e825, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f78e28313c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#儿童时期#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28313, encryptionId=f78e28313c1, topicName=儿童时期)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1e72268, createdName=zhixianchen, createdTime=Tue Feb 01 16:53:56 CST 2022, time=2022-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2041581, encodeId=55dd204158115, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a8de6299654' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#横断面#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62996, encryptionId=a8de6299654, topicName=横断面)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=21015, createdName=heli0118, createdTime=Wed Sep 15 21:53:56 CST 2021, time=2021-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1729045, encodeId=fca41e2904552, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Thu Dec 16 17:53:56 CST 2021, time=2021-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1849293, encodeId=0e731849293cb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Mon Nov 15 17:53:56 CST 2021, time=2021-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1340140, encodeId=ff2a13401401a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=77b0239266a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#二手烟#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23926, encryptionId=77b0239266a, topicName=二手烟)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1dfd2500156, createdName=12498c24m69暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Jul 18 09:53:56 CST 2021, time=2021-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1574672, encodeId=e92d15e467245, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9b56102616bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高脂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102616, encryptionId=9b56102616bb, topicName=高脂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c3b716021149, createdName=pcw111, createdTime=Sun Jul 18 09:53:56 CST 2021, time=2021-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-07-18 pcw111

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