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PNAS:计算机模拟揭露 HIV 病毒体内传播细节,有望为治疗提供新途径

2017-11-16 佚名 DeepTech 深科技

近日,芝加哥大学的科学家们揭露了 HIV 出芽的秘密,为战胜可怕的艾滋病提供了新途径。论文发表在《美国国家科学院学报》(PANS)上。

艾滋病毒(HIV)是通过“出芽”的方式,在人体未感知的情况下感染细胞。根据美国健康与人类服务部的信息,“HIV 感染细胞包括七个过程,出芽是其中的最后一环”。

近日,芝加哥大学的科学家们揭露了 HIV 出芽的秘密,为战胜可怕的艾滋病提供了新途径。论文发表在《美国国家科学院学报》(PANS)上。

HIV 病毒侵入宿主细胞后,会促使宿主细胞形成一个病毒膜囊。最终,膜囊以出芽的方式从被感染的宿主细胞中释放出来,并到处“游走”。一旦与其他细胞接触,膜囊即可通过细胞质膜侵入细胞,并迅速地破裂,感染细胞,然后再形成新的膜囊。通过这样的过程,HIV 在人体内感染细胞,并破坏细胞。

一直以来,人们只知道在出芽过程中起着关键作用的组分是一种名为“Gag”的蛋白质复合体。但是,人们尚不清楚出芽过程的具体细节,也一直无法成功获取 Gag 的分子结构图像,因此也不清楚它的准确结构。芝加哥大学的 Voth 团队利用计算机建模的方式模拟了活动的 Gag,并由此推断它的性能和结构,揭露 HIV 出芽过程的细节。

首先,他们利用 Gag 的已知部分建立了模型。然后,模拟了该模型在细胞中的互动及反应。为了与细胞的基础结构相匹配,研究团队不断调整模型,并由此获取最匹配的蛋白质结构及其参与的过程。之后,他们又与美国国立卫生研究院以及霍华德休斯医学研究所的科学家合作,在实验室成功验证了他们的发现。

该项研究有助于一系列新疗法的发展,并最终会产生一种有效抵抗 HIV 的新疗法。同时,这项研究证明了计算机模拟在模拟病毒方面的作用,也为未来病毒机理研究提供了新颖的方式。尤其是在直接观察分子过程无效的情况下,计算机模拟可提供有力的帮助。

Voth 表示,“一旦找到薄弱环节,就可以研制出新药物,例如通过阻止 Gag 累积,进而阻止病毒的传播”。Voth 团队下一步计划,研究出芽过程之后形成的 HIV 膜囊中的 Gag。

原始出处:

Alexander J. Pak, John M. A. Grime, Prabuddha Sengupta, et al. Immature HIV-1 lattice assembly dynamics are regulated by scaffolding from nucleic acid and the plasma membrane. PNAS 2017 ; published ahead of print November 7, 2017, doi:10.1073/pnas.1706600114.

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    2018-10-27 bioon14
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    2018-08-29 drwjr
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    2017-11-17 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    学习学习.继续关注

    0

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    2017-11-16 天涯183

    非常好的文章.学习了

    0

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