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Nat Med:白血病细胞家谱绘制成功!改写传统治疗方案!

2018-07-18 Zoe 转化医学网

近日,Gustave Roussy 癌症研究所的研究人员首次绘制了急性髓性白血病(AML)癌细胞的细胞家谱,继而可以获悉这种血癌对新药enasidenib的反应。

导  读

众所周知,急性髓性白血病是成人中最常见且极具攻击性的血癌,多数患者无法治愈。约12%至15%的急性髓性白血病患者具有IDH2基因突变,该突变会阻止骨髓细胞分化或成熟为生命所需的血细胞。与此同时,它还会导致这些未成熟的细胞在骨髓和血液中积聚,而急性髓性白血病便由此而生。近日,国际研究团队首次绘制了急性髓性白血病AML癌细胞的家谱,这对于白血病日后的治疗意义重大!

近日,Gustave Roussy 癌症研究所的研究人员首次绘制了急性髓性白血病(AML)癌细胞的细胞家谱,继而可以获悉这种血癌对新药enasidenib的反应。

该研究于近日以“Clonal heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia treated with the IDH2 inhibitor enasidenib”发表在《nature medicine》杂志上。

说到enasidenib这种药物,它曾经一度“星途璀璨”!

在它诞生之前,急性髓性白血病患者的治疗均以失败告终。而enasidenib的II期临床试验显示:它对于40%的IDH2突变的急性髓性白血病患者有效,可以促进血细胞分化并恢复正常的血细胞生成。这直接促成了美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)在2017年对于该药的批准。由于其主要针对癌细胞,而保留正常细胞,安全且极少有副作用,被人们寄予厚望!

然而,在极致的绚烂之后,该药的“星途”却再度回归黯淡。在平均近9个月后,这些患者的癌症又复发了…

白血病细胞对enasidenib产生了抗药性!这无疑给了当时的研究人员以致命一击!但是他们奋战多年以后,该领域的研究还是有了可喜的进展!

研究人员采集了对enasidenib有反应的37名患者的样本,逐个细胞地研究基因突变,研究骨髓细胞表面的标记,以确定不同的骨髓细胞群,从未成熟的祖细胞到成熟的分化细胞。

我们知道,人体骨髓就好像是一条需要不断产生成熟血细胞的装配线!治疗前的患者的装配线会被阻塞。而通过研究骨髓细胞,研究人员可以了解骨髓装配线是如何被阻塞的,enasidenib又是如何帮助并促进分化以解除装配线阻塞的。研究者发现:

当治疗急性髓性白血病时,细胞的家庭动态会发生微妙的变化。



这是第一次在单一细胞水平上做如此详细的研究!

研究者表示:原本我们不知道在所有癌细胞被杀死后,患者的成熟血细胞究竟来自正常细胞还是来自白血病细胞,现在我们已经提供了基因证据,证明enasidenib能够区分癌细胞,从而恢复一些癌细胞的正常功能,在该实验的五分之四的病例中,成熟细胞是来自于白血病骨髓细胞的。

该研究首次证明:当产生新的亚克隆时,白血病细胞会停止对enasidenib的反应,这些新的亚克隆便是对enasidenib产生耐药性的根本原因。这有助于设计新的治疗试验以克服这种抗性。它同时意味着enasidenib需要与其他抗癌药物联合使用以防止复发,临床试验已经开始调查患者是否对这些组合有反应,反应时间以及是否可能复发。



这一研究无疑具有十分重要的临床意义,未来可以在疾病早期给予急性髓性白血病患者联合治疗,从而避免单一使用enasidenib所产生的耐药性。

原始出处:Lynn Quek, Muriel D. David, et al. Clonal heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia treated with the IDH2 inhibitor enasidenib. Nature Medicine (2018) 

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    2019-03-22 liye789132251
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    2018-07-18 易水河

    学习学习很好

    0

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    2018-07-18 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了长知识

    0

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