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BMJ:8万人随访24年 终于发现了红肉与癌症死亡风险的具体数据

2019-07-30 不详 网络

癌症,众病之王,恐怖之君。据古生物学家研究发现,早在6600万年前,它就已经为祸世间,至今都无法将其战胜。而癌症之所以难以被战胜,终其原因还是它的发病机制我们尚无法完全搞清。不过,近日发表在BMJ上的一项研究,为我们战胜癌症、远离癌症以及延长生存期提供了新的曙光:来自哈佛公共卫生学院的胡丙长教授以及他的团队,通过对8万人的24年随访记录研究结果显示,每天吃红肉食品和患癌风险呈正相关性,而减少进食红

癌症,众病之王,恐怖之君。

据古生物学家研究发现,早在6600万年前,它就已经为祸世间,至今都无法将其战胜。

而癌症之所以难以被战胜,终其原因还是它的发病机制我们尚无法完全搞清。

不过,近日发表在BMJ上的一项研究,为我们战胜癌症、远离癌症以及延长生存期提供了新的曙光:来自哈佛公共卫生学院的胡丙长教授以及他的团队,通过对8万人的24年随访记录研究结果显示,每天吃红肉食品和患癌风险呈正相关性,而减少进食红肉,同时用一些别的健康食品来代替,则与患癌风险以及死亡风险的降低有关。

看到这里,是不是认为这项研究毫无新意、老生常谈?但是,你可能并不知道以下这些关键性数据,以及我们又该选择哪些“健康食品”来代替才能更加远离癌症!

胡丙长教授团队研究人员收集了从1986年开始到2010年总计8万名志愿者(53553名女性和27916男性)饮食记录的问卷随访调查,且分别为这些志愿者设置了红肉摄入频率的范围,从每月一次或少于一次到每天六次或更多。

据研究数据显示,在随访期间,一共发生了14019例死亡,其中4892例死于癌症,占了总共死亡人数的34.8%,稳居所有疾病死因的首位。而第二大死因心血管疾病却仅有3528例,几乎比癌症低了10%。

为了弄清楚原因,研究人员根据志愿者红肉的摄入变化分别对比计算了他们的死亡风险。

对比显示,在1986-1994年的8年时间里,每天多吃至少半份红肉,与未来8年(2002-2010年间)全因死亡风险增加了10%,而特定癌症死因风险却增加了24%,另外,如果吃的是加工红肉(如培根、香肠等)的话,死亡风险还会再从原有基础上增加3%。

志愿者摄入总红肉、加工红肉和未加工红肉在1986-2006年间的变化(单位:份/天)

但是,奇怪的却是,研究竟还显示,在超胖或肥胖的志愿者中,每天增加进食一份红肉所导致的死亡风险,竟然比正常体重的志愿者还要低,仅有6%(不是说肥胖会增加患癌风险的嘛?搞什么鬼?捂脸!)。

既然进食红肉会增加患癌后的死亡风险,那么是不是说我们以后就不能进食红肉,或者有没有其他的“健康食品”可以替代红肉,进而降低我们的死亡风险呢?

答案当然不是就让我们就此“戒”掉红肉进而转为素食主义者,再怎么说红肉也有着其特有的营养价值,好在研究人员还进行了进一步的研究,每天减少进食红肉,同时增加一份“优质替代”还是能够有效降低死亡风险的。

其中,效果最显着的优质替代就是坚果,其次则是鱼类,死亡风险分别下降了19%和17%,除此之外,增加进食全谷物、不带皮的禽类、蔬菜、乳制品、鸡蛋和豆类等也可降低死亡风险,约在8%-12%之间。

但值得注意的是,如果只是单纯的减少红肉的摄入,而不增加优质替代食品的摄入,是无法降低死亡风险的。

参考资料:

Zheng Y, Li Y, Satija A, et al. Association of changes in red meat consumption with total and cause specific mortality among US women and men: two prospective cohort studies[J]. bmj, 2019, 365: l2110.

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    2020-03-13 gaoxiaoe
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    2019-07-31 一天没事干

    很好的学习机会

    0

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    2019-07-31 184****9840

    总之,少吃红肉没错的。

    0

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