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肾病奇葩说 --2018年CKD营养与代谢高峰论坛深度解读

2018-11-15 MedSci MedSci原创

在2018年CKD营养与代谢高峰论坛上,第三部分“肾病奇葩说”的环节为我们呈现了肾病治疗领域的前沿热点。中华医学会肾脏病学分会副主任委员蔡广研教授、中华医学会肾脏病学分会常务委员王莉教授和刘必成教授共同担任主席。中山大学附属第一医院肾内科陈崴教授、北京大学人民医院临床营养科柳鹏教授、浙江大学医学院附属第一医院肾内科徐莹教授、复旦大学附属华山医院肾内科王梦婧教授和四川大学华西医生肾脏科秦伟教授,

2018CKD营养与代谢高峰论坛上,第三部分肾病奇葩说的环节为我们呈现了肾病治疗领域的前沿热点。中华医学会肾脏病学分会副主任委员蔡广研教授、中华医学会肾脏病学分会常务委员王莉教授和刘必成教授共同担任主席。中山大学附属第一医院肾内科陈崴教授北京大学人民医院临床营养科柳鹏教授浙江大学医学院附属第一医院肾内科徐莹教授复旦大学附属华山医院肾内科王梦婧教授和四川大学华西医生肾脏科秦伟教授,分别在大会结合当前热点,将透析营养治疗、FSMP(特殊医学用途配方食品)、互联网医疗、人工智能、心理学干预等前沿科学引入慢性肾病的治疗与管理,可谓百家争鸣。接下来,编者就为您图文呈现2018CKD营养与代谢高峰论坛第三部分的精彩内容。

正合 以奇胜--透析患者结合营养治疗的更多获益

(中山大学附属第一医院肾内科陈崴教授)

陈崴教授指出,血透患者每年死亡率较高(大于20%)且透析后并发症的发生很常见,如心脏病、高血压、贫血、炎症、营养不良、抑郁以及认知和身体功能受损这些并发症均影响了患者的生活质量和生存期,透析治疗尚待完善。同时残余肾功能(RRF与透析患者内分泌功能、营养代谢、存活率紧密的关系,因此保护RRF对透析患者具有重要意义

那么如何保护RRF呢?一项随机试验表明低蛋白饮食(LPD)加复方α-酮酸(开同®显著延缓腹透患者PDe-GFR下降,保护PD患者RRF为了得到更多循证依据,余学清教授牵头在全国多个中心开展了临床研究,评估复方α-酮酸(开同®联合限定蛋白饮食对持续性不卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)患者残余肾功能的保护作用,结果显示如果患者残余肾功能在8.4 ml/min以上,在随访12个月后可以看到对残余肾功能有明显保护作用,意味着应尽早关注腹透患者残肾功能,对残肾功能较好的腹透患者早日给予复方α-酮酸(开同®联合限定蛋白饮食,可以很好的保护其RRF,真正改善肾脏残肾丢失速率

其后,陈崴教授指出,相比于每周3次的常规透析,每周1-2次的低频透析联合营养治疗在降低患者死亡率、保护RRF、提高患者依从性及改善患者营养状况等方面具有显著益处。

CKD的营养补充剂与药物治疗--珠联壁合 or 聊胜于无

(北京大学人民医院临床营养科柳鹏教授)

柳鹏教授特殊医学用途配方食品(FSMP)从定义应用和发展的角度做了介绍FSMP通常用于满足进食受限、消化吸收障碍、代谢紊乱或者特定疾病状态人群对营养素或者膳食的特殊需要。那么FSMP在国外和国内的发展如何呢?国际上FSMP应用较为充分,国外的特殊医学用途配方食品就是国内的肠内营养制剂,而我国也正在与国际接轨,柳鹏教授举例阐述:在我国,费瑞卡®已被证明是CKD患者补充能量的理想选择。

由于营养补充剂和药物一样,需要经过肝脏代谢、肾脏排泄,既然两者具有相同的摄入途径和排出途径,那么营养补充剂与药物,是水火不容还是携手并进呢?柳鹏教授认为,营养对于CKD等慢性疾病患者非常重要,一方面很多慢病患者会出现营养不良和代谢紊乱,另一方面,代谢紊乱会反过来影响慢病的治疗及药物的疗效,对于CKD患者,最基础的原则是要全面充足的补充营养,而不能因噎废食,这也是很多指南共识所推荐的。因此,营养补充剂与药物实际上是珠联壁合无法割裂

那么CKD患者如何能够获得理想的营养状态呢?柳鹏教授推荐了德国原装进口的高能营养补充剂费瑞卡®,其独特的高能量密度、无磷无钾、无蛋白配方,是CKD患者补充能量的理想选择。

互联网+医疗已来!CKD管理是观望?or出击?

(浙江大学医学院附属第一医院肾内科徐莹教授)


徐莹教授指出,国家互联网+宏观政策背景下,新技术和应用的发展,使得互联网能够让医疗“触屏可及”,让百姓少跑腿。那么应用互联网可以为CKD患者的管理做什么呢?徐莹教授认为,CKD“互联网+医疗健康应以提高患者对疾病的认知程度、培养患者的自我学习及管理能力、利用互联网优势协助医生管理、统计分析医疗大数据等四方面为工作维度,实现降低CKD患者发病率,延缓疾病进展,降低医疗费用的目的。同时应注意保护患者隐私,保护数据信息安全。

 


徐莹教授根据浙江的互联网医疗经验,为我们介绍了浙江省医疗系统是如何通过互联网+医疗健康将服务、管理、技术创新和产业发展有机地联系在一起,为其他地区提供了参考范例。

在争议中前行的人工智能(AI--探索CKD管理的未来契机

(复旦大学附属华山医院肾内科王梦婧教授)

人工智能(AI)能够将无序信息,通过数据搜集,建立模型和算法来建立自身行为,其进化与人类智能的进化非常相似,甚至在某些方面胜过人类,在信息化高度进步的今天,AI已在各个领域展现其优势。

那么AI能为CKD管理做些什么?其实可以做的事情有很多,比如在疾病筛查阶段,AI可以进行CKD早期筛查,进行ESRD预测,进行机器病理读片,进行辅助诊断;在病情监控阶段,AI可以构建患者病情模型、监控疾病进展、预警病情、个性化给药;在智能化信息管理阶段,可以进行语音病历录入,结构化数据采集、信息录入质量监控等。


王梦婧教授结合国际上应用AI管理CKD的实例,为大家介绍了国外优秀的AI系统在CKD患者用药计量管理和风险监测与评估中带来的获益。相比于传统的人工化管理,AI在进行CKD管理时能够自动化地采集信息、高效地分析数据并对医疗行为进行定量评估。这些诸多优势就已奠定了AI在未来的CKD管理中的重要位置。

CKD病患的心理干预--被忽视的一剂良药

(四川大学华西医生肾脏科秦伟教授)

 

秦伟教授认为,无心理健康,则无健康,国内外数据更是显示CKD患者存在严重的异常心理状态:CKD患者焦虑和抑郁的发生率是其他慢性疾病患者的1.5-3倍。痴呆,瞻妄,焦虑,抑郁是最常见的CKD患者心理疾病,且CKD患者中抑郁的发生率较高46%CKD患者存在焦虑情绪,严重影响患者的生活质量。13-37%的CKD患者存在认知障碍,eGFR每下降10ml/min,认知障碍的发生率就升高11%。而痴呆的发生率则是非CKD患者的2倍。因此,全面重视CKD患者的心理健康问题已刻不容缓。

 

那么应如何对CKD患者进行心理干预呢?秦伟教授认为应从以下几点进行努力:

· 认知行为疗法:帮助患者了解导致其抑郁的外部环境因素;引导患者关注舒适; 指导患者了解各种认知扭曲的优缺点(完美主义、灾难性思维、消极的自我标签及极端思维);鼓励患者识别并减少其消极的自动思维;发放配套手册供患者进行交流,引导患者自由畅谈,释放内心压力,鼓励患者互相开导,建立治疗信心

· 心理健康教育:与患者建立良好关系,告知疾病相关知识,包括病因、治疗、护理要点,增强患者应对疾病的能力, 使其重获希望和信心

· 适应性训练:介绍压力的概念及表现、压力应对方式及肌肉放松训练、解决问题技能及时间管理、控制情绪及应对压力的方法、回顾所学技能并应用

· 其他心理干预方法:鼓励患者适当参加体育锻炼、交际活动和社会工作,培养有益的兴趣爱好

 

同时,秦教授介绍了马斯洛需求层次理论,让医生对患者的心理需求有一个充分的认识,并介绍了格式塔心理疗法,让医生帮助患者甩掉负能量,接受自我,拥抱生活。

针对CKD的热点问题,专家们结合自己的临床经验进行了介绍,如低蛋白饮食(LPD)加复方α-酮酸(开同®显著延缓腹透患者PDe-GFR下降,保护PD患者RRF。另外,血液透析的患者,每周1-2次的低频透析联合营养治疗在降低患者死亡率、保护RRF等方面有显著益处。此外,高能营养补充剂(费瑞卡®与药物结合治疗,不仅可以珠联壁合,改善CKD患者的症状,还让患者获得理想的营养能量补充,提高患者生活质量CKD是一个慢性的,需要长期管理的疾病,在互联网改变着医疗技术的今天,CKD患者的管理更加智能化,更加便捷高效,在AI系统的帮助下,患者的病程管理更加清晰规范,风险评估也更全面。而除去常规的治疗和互联网医学应用,CKD患者的心理干预也是不容忽视的治疗手段。相信在多学科、多技术的共同作用下,CKD的治疗和管理会上升到新的高度。

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    2021-08-20 nahsey

    学习

    0

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    2018-11-17 3631175
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    2018-11-15 lucy74

    真好

    0

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    2018-11-15 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

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