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Nat Microbiol:挑战常规!抗生素通常并不促进耐药性基因扩散

2016-04-18 佚名 生物谷

在一项新的研究中,来自美国杜克大学等机构的研究人员证实除了一些特殊的情况外,抗生素并不像之前所认为的那样促进细菌抗生素耐药性扩散。相关研究结果于2016年4月11日在线发表在Nature Microbiology期刊上,论文标题为“Antibiotics as a selective driver for conjugation dynamics”。 毋庸置疑地,过度使用抗生素是不断增加的

在一项新的研究中,来自美国杜克大学等机构的研究人员证实除了一些特殊的情况外,抗生素并不像之前所认为的那样促进细菌抗生素耐药性扩散。相关研究结果于2016年4月11日在线发表在Nature Microbiology期刊上,论文标题为“Antibiotics as a selective driver for conjugation dynamics”。

毋庸置疑地,过度使用抗生素是不断增加的全球危机的关键所在,但是这项新研究提示着存在差异的细菌细胞产生率和死亡率而不是DNA交换才应该受责备。这些结果对设计抗生素治疗方案避免细菌耐药性扩散产生影响。

论文通信作者、杜克大学工程学副教授Lingchong You说,“在这个领域,人们都知道过度使用抗生素的巨大问题。认为抗生素通过增加细菌彼此之间分享抗药性基因的速率促进耐药性扩散是相当诱人的,但是我们的研究证实它们经常不是这样的。”

人们很早就知道细菌通过一种被称作接合(conjugation)的过程交换DNA,其中接合过程允许有用的基因在不同个体之间甚至不同物种之间快速扩散。

鉴于当抗生素不能杀死耐药性细菌,这些耐药性细菌的数量在增加,因此科学家们认为这些抗生素药物增加发生的基因交换数量。但是也有一些人认为这些药物可能杀死两种进行基因交换的“亲本”菌株,从而允许一种新产生的耐药性菌株茁壮成长。

论文第一作者、You实验室博士生Allison Lopatkin说,“之前的研究不能区分开这两种看法,但是我们的研究能够做到这点。我们在单细胞水平上证实耐药性基因交换一点不受抗生素影响,这与文献中的记载相反。”

在实验中,Lopatkin让细菌处于一种假死状态,在这种状态下,它们没有死亡,也不能繁殖,但是它们仍然能够交换基因。因为细菌细胞的产生率和死亡率不再发生变化,研究人员能够观察基因交换率如何对抗生素作出反应。

研究人员测试了9种通常与耐药性快速扩散相关联的临床病原菌,然后让它们接触10种常见的药物,其中每种药物代表着每种主要的抗生素类型。在每次测试中,基因交换率保持平稳,而且在一些情形下,随着使用的抗生素浓度增加,这种交换率实际上还会略有下降。

You说,“这似乎表明当加入抗生素时,这种DNA交换已经发生,而且继续如此。依赖于抗生素药物的剂量,这些药物能够让新产生的耐药性细菌成为赢家。当这发生时,这种新的菌株在进行一些生长后将比开展这些测试前更加普遍存在。”

You指出存在一些已被证实的例子说明抗生素直接诱导负责导致耐药性的基因表达,但是它们是非常特殊的。比如,抗生素四环素诱导只转移四环素耐药性的基因表达。

这项新研究证实除了存在这些例外的情形之外,抗生素并不通过在细胞水平上诱导全局变化而促进耐药性扩散。研究人员希望很快开展进一步研究以便有助临床医生设计出更好的抗生素治疗方案。

You说,“这对我们如何设计抗生素剂量和方案产生直接影响。一些抗生素组合能够显著地促进整体耐药性转移动态变化。另一方面,其他的抗生素组合能够非常好地抑制这些病原菌,同时不会促进基因转移。我们希望在随后的研究中解决这些问题。我们正试图了解如何以一种有效的但不会促进抗生素耐药性扩散的方式设计这些抗生素治疗方案。”

原始出处:

Allison J. Lopatkin,et al.Antibiotics as a selective driver for conjugation dynamics.Nature Microbiology.April 11,2016.

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    2016-12-13 xjy02
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    2017-01-01 liye789132251
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    2016-09-20 sunylz
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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2084146, encodeId=cf6a2084146c4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=61f411e013b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Micro#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11701, encryptionId=61f411e013b, topicName=Micro)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d59291, createdName=xjy02, createdTime=Tue Dec 13 06:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1880995, encodeId=b45b1880995c4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sun Jan 01 10:28:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1917263, encodeId=ed43191e26309, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Tue Sep 20 13:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1767003, encodeId=8fbe1e67003f5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=64f5343e2f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Biol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3437, encryptionId=64f5343e2f, topicName=Biol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=446937890434, createdName=12498ebem31暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Sep 06 13:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1857373, encodeId=3639185e37362, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f48525849' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5258, encryptionId=3f48525849, topicName=CRO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c30265, createdName=jiafufeng@yaho, createdTime=Wed Feb 08 00:28:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79453, encodeId=af2ae94539a, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=219, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 01:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79454, encodeId=10dfe94548c, content=值得关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=174, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 01:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2084146, encodeId=cf6a2084146c4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=61f411e013b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Micro#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11701, encryptionId=61f411e013b, topicName=Micro)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d59291, createdName=xjy02, createdTime=Tue Dec 13 06:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1880995, encodeId=b45b1880995c4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sun Jan 01 10:28:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1917263, encodeId=ed43191e26309, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Tue Sep 20 13:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1767003, encodeId=8fbe1e67003f5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=64f5343e2f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Biol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3437, encryptionId=64f5343e2f, topicName=Biol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=446937890434, createdName=12498ebem31暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Sep 06 13:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1857373, encodeId=3639185e37362, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f48525849' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5258, encryptionId=3f48525849, topicName=CRO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c30265, createdName=jiafufeng@yaho, createdTime=Wed Feb 08 00:28:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79453, encodeId=af2ae94539a, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=219, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 01:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79454, encodeId=10dfe94548c, content=值得关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=174, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 01:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-19 李继凯

    文章不错

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2084146, encodeId=cf6a2084146c4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=61f411e013b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Micro#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11701, encryptionId=61f411e013b, topicName=Micro)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d59291, createdName=xjy02, createdTime=Tue Dec 13 06:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1880995, encodeId=b45b1880995c4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sun Jan 01 10:28:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1917263, encodeId=ed43191e26309, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Tue Sep 20 13:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1767003, encodeId=8fbe1e67003f5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=64f5343e2f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Biol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3437, encryptionId=64f5343e2f, topicName=Biol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=446937890434, createdName=12498ebem31暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Sep 06 13:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1857373, encodeId=3639185e37362, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f48525849' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5258, encryptionId=3f48525849, topicName=CRO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c30265, createdName=jiafufeng@yaho, createdTime=Wed Feb 08 00:28:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79453, encodeId=af2ae94539a, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=219, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 01:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79454, encodeId=10dfe94548c, content=值得关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=174, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 01:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-19 李继凯

    值得关注

    0

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