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Cell:完全消除肿瘤!抑制这种蛋白能大大增强免疫治疗效果

2020-08-15 转化医学网 转化医学网

近日有研究人员发现,阻断一种蛋白质可以大大增强免疫治疗的效果,甚至能完全清除肿瘤。

T细胞作为人体内重要的免疫细胞,具有检测和破坏肿瘤细胞的能力,但是肿瘤可以在其自身和周围产生抑制性免疫环境,从而将T细胞维持在抑制状态。近日,圣路易斯华盛顿大学医学院的研究人员通过小鼠研究发现,通过阻断TREM2蛋白可以增强标准免疫疗法药物的作用,甚至完全消除了肿瘤。该研究或许可以揭示使免疫疗法对更多癌症患者有效的潜在新方法。

这项研究于8月11日发表在《细胞》杂志,题为“TREM2 Modulation Remodels the Tumor Myeloid Landscape Enhancing Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy”

该研究的资深作者,病理学教授Marco Colonna博士和Robert Rock Belliveau博士说:“实质上,我们找到了增强肿瘤免疫疗法的新工具。仅针对TREM2的抗体会减少某些肿瘤的生长,当我们将其与免疫治疗药物联合使用时,我们会看到肿瘤完全被排斥。令人高兴的是,一些抗TREM2抗体已经进入了另一种疾病的临床试验。我们必须在动物模型中做更多的工作来验证这些结果,如果这些工作有效,我们将能够相当容易地进入临床试验,因为目前有许多抗体是可用的。”

免疫细胞浸润了人体肿瘤(图片来源:William Vermi / Martina Molgora)

T细胞是一种免疫细胞,具有检测和破坏肿瘤细胞的能力。但为了生存,肿瘤在其内部和周围创造了抑制性免疫环境,使T细胞保持抑制状态。一种称为“检查点抑制”的免疫疗法可将T细胞从抑制状态中唤醒,这样它们就可以开始攻击肿瘤了。但如果肿瘤环境仍然具有免疫抑制作用,单靠检查点抑制可能不足以消除肿瘤。

作为免疫系统方面的专家,Colonna教授长期以来一直在研究一种叫做TREM2的蛋白质,它与阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease)的关系,该蛋白质与大脑中免疫细胞的表现不佳有关。Colonna和第一作者,博士后研究员Martina Molgora博士意识到,在肿瘤中也发现了同样的免疫细胞,即巨噬细胞,它们在肿瘤中产生TREM2并促进一种抑制T细胞活性的环境。

Colonna表示:“当我们观察TREM2在体内的位置时,我们发现它在肿瘤内部高水平表达而不是在肿瘤外部。因此,它实际上是一个理想的靶标,因为如果靶向TREM2,则对外周组织几乎没有影响。”

Colonna和Molgora、以及Robert D. Schreiber博士、Andrew M.和Jane M. Bursky教授、布雷西亚大学的免疫学家和医学博士William Vermi联合,探究抑制TREM2是否可以降低免疫抑制并增强T细胞的杀伤能力。

作为这项研究的一部分,研究人员将癌细胞注入小鼠体内以诱导肉瘤的发展。将小鼠分为四组。在一组中,小鼠接受了阻断TREM2的抗体。在另一组中,接受了一种检查点抑制剂;在第三组中,两者都接受;在第四组中,接受安慰剂。在仅接受TREM2抗体或检查点抑制剂的小鼠中,肿瘤生长较慢,并趋于停滞,少数情况下消失。但是所有接受两种抗体的小鼠都完全排斥了肿瘤。研究人员使用结直肠癌细胞系重复了该实验,结果同样令人惊喜。

图解摘要

在病理学和免疫学副教授Maxim Artyomov博士实验室工作的研究生Ekaterina Esaulova的帮助下,研究人员分析了仅用TREM2抗体治疗的小鼠肿瘤中的免疫细胞。他们发现抑制性巨噬细胞大量缺失,T细胞数量丰富且活跃,这表明阻断TREM2是增强抗肿瘤T细胞活性的有效手段。

进一步的实验表明,在多种癌症中都发现了带有TREM2的巨噬细胞。为了评估TREM2表达与临床结果之间的关系,求助于癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas),这是一个由美国国家癌症研究所和美国国家人类基因组研究所共同维护的癌症遗传学公共数据库。他们发现,在结肠直肠癌和乳腺癌中,较高水平的TREM2与患者的生存期缩短相关。

目前,研究人员正在将他们对TREM2的研究扩展到其他类型的癌症,以了解抑制TREM2是否是对抗癌症的潜在策略。

Molgora表示:“我们发现TREM2在超过200例人类癌症和不同的亚型中表达,但我们只测试了结肠癌、肉瘤和乳腺癌的模型,因此还有其他模型也需要测试。此外,我们还有一个携带有人类TREM2的小鼠模型。”

Colonna补充道:“下一步是使用人类抗体来建立动物模型。如果这能奏效,我想我们就可以开始临床试验了。”

原始出处:

Martina Molgora, et al. TREM2 Modulation Remodels the Tumor Myeloid Landscape Enhancing Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy. Cell, 2020.

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    2021-04-03 爆笑小医
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    2020-08-15 内科新手

    谢谢梅斯提供这么好的信息,学到很多

    0

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    2020-08-15 CHANGE

    疗效只是效果的众多方面之一,还要看对患者的获益,包括生活质量等因素共同决定效果的

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    2020-08-15 ms9000000733877445

    Nzjzjsmsm

    0

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