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Stem Cell Reports:失明或许有救啦:干细胞来帮您!

2017-01-16 来宝网 来宝网

因终末期视网膜变性而失明的人数正在稳步上升,且目前这种病情无法逆转。然而,一项具有突破性的研究,使用干细胞技术让人们似乎看到了一线光明。晚期视网膜变性包括老年性黄斑变性和色素性视网膜炎等疾病。这是导致老年人发生不可逆性视力丧失和失明最常见原因。在此类疾病中,眼部对光敏感的细胞核层退化导致视力逐渐恶化。随着美国人口开始进入老龄化,视网膜变性的患病率逐渐在增加。例如,在 2000-2010 年间,老年

因终末期视网膜变性而失明的人数正在稳步上升,且目前这种病情无法逆转。然而,一项具有突破性的研究,使用干细胞技术让人们似乎看到了一线光明。

晚期视网膜变性包括老年性黄斑变性和色素性视网膜炎等疾病。这是导致老年人发生不可逆性视力丧失和失明最常见原因。在此类疾病中,眼部对光敏感的细胞核层退化导致视力逐渐恶化。

随着美国人口开始进入老龄化,视网膜变性的患病率逐渐在增加。例如,在 2000-2010 年间,老年性黄斑变性的患者总数从 175 万上升至 207 万。

虽然视网膜外层的变性无法逆转,但有一个可能最终有助于恢复视力的策略,即细胞替代。

干细胞源性的视网膜组织

细胞替代技术尚处于起步阶段,但已显示出真正大有希望。一组由 Masayo Takahashi 和 Michiko Mandai 领导的,来自日本 RIKEN 发育生物学中心的科学家,深入参与了这一创新性研究领域。

在早期研究中,研究人员将干细胞源性的视网膜组织移植入终末期视网膜变性的动物眼内。他们发现,该组织也会被迫形成结构化的外核层,包括成熟的光感受器。

虽然这标志着在该领域取得了一个巨大的进步,但研究人员还未证实移植细胞是否可以恢复视力。他们最近的研究试图填补这一空白。

恢复视觉测试

为了测试动物的视力是否恢复,研究人员将小鼠放入有两个房间的笼子里。其中一个房间的地板在某个时间点随机放电。在每次电击之前,研究人员会亮警告灯。为了避免被电击,小鼠必须看到灯亮并移到相邻的隔壁房间。

测试结果超过预期,该研究使得近一半终末期视网膜变性的小鼠恢复了视力。如此卓越的成功是由于研究人员对细胞加以选择的结果。之前的研究中使用的是视网膜细胞,而在这项研究中使用的是差分视网膜组织。Takahashi 解释说:

“三维结构的光感受器能够发育成更成熟、更具组织性的形态结构,因此就能够更好地对光反应。从我们的数据可以看出,移植后的视网膜在 1 个月后使得小鼠对光有反应,但由于人类视网膜需要较长时间才能成熟,可能需要在移植 5-6 个月后,其视网膜才开始对光有所反应。”

Takahashi 和他的同事们目前正在扩展他们的研究使这项成果更适用于患者。他们已经开始研究人类 iPSC 源性视网膜组织是否可以恢复终末期视网膜变性动物的视觉功能。

仍有许多工作要做,Takahashi 很清楚:“这仍然是一个发展阶段的治疗,我们不能指望一下子就恢复实用视觉。我们将从能够看到一个亮的或大的数字的最初阶段开始,但希望在未来能够做到真正恢复所有视觉功能。”

原始出处:

Mandai M, Fujii M, Hashiguchi T, Sunagawa GA, Ito S, Sun J, Kaneko J, Sho J, Yamada C, Takahashi M. iPSC-Derived Retina Transplants Improve Vision in rd1 End-Stage Retinal-Degeneration Mice. Stem Cell Reports. 2017 Jan 10;8(1):69-83

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    2017-08-16 维他命
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    2017-01-17 为了宝宝

    虽然视网膜外层的变性无法逆转,但有一个可能最终有助于恢复视力的策略,即细胞替代。

    0

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    2017-01-17 Lke

    路过.......

    0

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    2017-01-17 1dd8aa01m06(暂无匿称)

    很好的研究,学习了

    0

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