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《国际卫生条例(2005)》突发事件委员会第八次会议声明:新冠大流行远未结束,病毒随时变异扩散引发新一轮疫情

2021-07-23 rayms MedSci原创

警惕!

近日,世卫组织总干事根据《国际卫生条例(2005)》召集的关于2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行的突发事件委员会第八次会议,呼吁在全球范围内采取行动,扩大疫苗接种规模,合理使用公共卫生和社会措施。希望委员会继续支持确定重点挑战和解决方案,供各国用于克服大流行带来的问题。

此次会议强调,目前值得关注的大流行趋势包括:

病毒变异株;

公共卫生和社会措施的实施不一致;

社会流动性增加;

由于缺乏公平的疫苗分配,人群仍然高度易感。

COVID-19大流行仍然是全球挑战,各国需要处理不同的卫生、经济和社会需求。委员会注意到,区域和经济差异正在影响疫苗、治疗方法和诊断制剂的获取。能够为人口接种疫苗且卫生系统资源充足的国家正面临完全重新开放社会、放松公共卫生和社会措施的压力。获得疫苗机会有限的国家正在经历新的感染浪潮,公众信任受到侵蚀,对公共卫生和社会措施的抵制日益增强,经济困难日益加剧,甚至某些地方的社会动荡加剧。

尽管在国家、区域和全球各级都做出了努力,但这场大流行仍远未结束。它将继续演变,目前四种值得关注的变异株主导了全球流行病学。新的、可能更危险的值得关注的变异株出现并全球传播的可能性很大,其控制可能更具挑战性。

委员会注意到,各个区域存在不同情况,因而在实施临时建议方面存在细微差别。委员会指出,下列因素对所有国家都至关重要:

1,应考虑到相关潜在累积效应,继续在实时监测流行病学状况和卫生系统能力的基础上采取知证公共卫生和社会措施。戴口罩、保持身体距离、勤洗手和改善室内空间通风仍然是减少严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2传播的关键。必须继续根据流行病学和社会背景调整和执行既定的公共卫生措施,以应对个别病例或聚集性病例,包括接触者追踪、检疫和隔离。

2,通过评估、减轻和沟通风险实施针对大规模集会活动的风险管理方法。大规模集会存在不同的驱动因素,人们的风险容忍度也不一样。关键是,在根据世卫组织指导文件开展风险评估时,必须考虑流行病学背景(包括各种值得关注变异株的流行程度、传播强度以及接触者追踪和检测能力)。

3,实现世卫组织的行动呼吁,在20219月之前至少为所有国家10%的人口接种疫苗。为保护弱势群体免受严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2出现和传播的影响,需要加强全球团结。注意到许多国家现已为其优先人群接种疫苗,建议在将国家疫苗接种规划扩大到较低风险群体之前,先与获得机会有限的国家共享疫苗。疫苗接种计划应该包括脆弱人群,包括海员和空勤人员。

4,加强对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2的监测,并继续向世卫组织报告,以便能够快速识别、跟踪和评估变异株,并继续监测疫情的演变。为实现该建议,缔约国可能需要加强其流行病学和病毒学(包括基因组学)监测和报告系统,或与有这种能力的国家共享样本。

5,改善获得和安全管理世卫组织推荐的COVID-19治疗方法(包括使用氧气)。此外,缔约国应开展临床研究,并支持受到COVID-19长期影响的患者获得护理。缔约国还应在可行的情况下继续研究预防COVID-19的方法。

6,继续采取基于风险的方法促进国际旅行,并与世卫组织分享采取旅行措施及其公共卫生理由的信息。根据《国际卫生条例(2005)》,各项措施(例如戴口罩、检测、隔离/检疫和疫苗接种)应以风险评估为基础,考虑当地情况,而且根据《条例》第40条,避免给国际旅客带来经济负担。

7,考虑到COVID-19疫苗在全球范围内接种机会有限和分配不公平,不要求在国际旅行时证明已接种COVID-19疫苗是允许国际旅行的唯一途径或条件。缔约国应考虑采取基于风险的办法,根据世卫组织指导意见,酌情取消检测和/或检疫要求等措施,为国际旅行提供便利。

8,在国际旅行语境中承认所有已经进入世卫组织紧急使用列表的COVID-19疫苗。此外,鼓励缔约国按照世卫组织指导文件,在载有《疫苗接种或预防国际证书》的世卫组织小册子中列入关于COVID-19感染状况的信息;在有数字化版本时使用数字版本。

9,处理国家和地方各级社区参与和沟通方面的差距,以减少COVID-19传播,消除错误信息,酌情提高对COVID-19疫苗的接受程度。这将需要加强信息,即需要全面的公共卫生应对措施,包括继续采取公共卫生和社会措施并提高疫苗接种率。

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    2021-07-23 13a3ac69m70暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

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    2021-07-23 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

    0

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    2021-07-23 ………………

    学习#学习#

    0

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