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JCB:CRISPR-Cas9系统在活细胞中的工作机制取得重大突破

2016-09-04 佚名 生物谷

在一项新的研究中,来自美国马萨诸塞大学医学院的研究人员揭示出CRISPR-Cas9系统在活细胞中的内部工作机制的重要新细节。这一发现可能对人们利用这种强大的基因编辑工具开发治疗方法产生影响。相关研究结果发表在2016年8月29日那期Journal of Cell Biology期刊上,论文标题为“CRISPR-Cas9 nuclear dynamics and target recognition


在一项新的研究中,来自美国马萨诸塞大学医学院的研究人员揭示出CRISPR-Cas9系统在活细胞中的内部工作机制的重要新细节。这一发现可能对人们利用这种强大的基因编辑工具开发治疗方法产生影响。相关研究结果发表在2016年8月29日那期Journal of Cell Biology期刊上,论文标题为“CRISPR-Cas9 nuclear dynamics and target recognition in living cells”。

论文通信作者、马萨诸塞大学医学院细胞生物学教授和生物化学与分子药理学教授Thoru Pederson博士说,“我们对CRISPR-Cas9复合物如何在活细胞的基因组中到处移动和发现靶位点的细节了解得并不多。在这项研究中,我们了解到这种复合物的工作机制对寻求为实验室研究和潜在的诊所应用开发工具的基因编辑人员而言是比较重要的和有用的。”

作为抵抗病毒入侵的细菌免疫系统中的一种组分,CRISPR-Cas9复合物是一种强大的基因编辑系统。这种CRISPR-Cas9复合物比之前的基因编辑技术更加高效和更加准确,因而科学家们在实验室中发现对它进行改造和快速地运送它的方法,从而选择性地对特异性的基因序列进行编辑。为了切割双链DNA片段,CRISPR-Cas9利用由大约20个核苷酸组成的向导RNA(gRNA)靶向结合基因组中的特异性序列,在那里,Cas9随后进行切割。这允许科学家们移除特定的基因序列或将它们插入到宿主细胞基因组中。

鉴于CRISPR-Cas9系统在活细胞内的工作机制的内在动力学性质并未得到很好地理解,一些运送系统和技术相比而言更容易取得成功。为了观察CRISPR-Cas9系统在活细胞中的作用机制,Pederson博士和同事们开发出一种利用不同的荧光分子对gRNA和Cas9进行标记的技术,因此能够同时追踪它们。

研究人员发现当未结合到Cas9上时,gRNA是非常短命的。当Cas9与gRNA组装在一起时,这种复合物更加稳定:大约一半的复合物在细胞核中的寿命大约为15分钟,而剩下的复合物具有更高的稳定性。

论文共同第一作者、Pederson实验室研究员Hanhui Ma博士说,“Cas9让gRNA稳定化。如果你将gRNA和Cas9各自地运送到靶细胞中,然后进行组装,那么它将是没有工作效率的,这是因为一些gRNA将会发生降解。如果你将它们---已经组装在一起---同时运送到靶细胞中,那么你将观察到更多的活性。”

研究人员还观察到Cas9-gRNA复合物在靶位点上的停留时间决定着DNA是否将被切割。当gRNA序列与靶DNA序列完美匹配时,Cas9-gRNA复合物在离开之前,结合到这种靶DNA序列上长达两个小时,在这期间,靶DNA序列切割也完成了。当gRNA序列与靶DNA序列存在错配时,Cas9-gRNA复合物在靶DNA序列上的停留时间仅仅为几分钟的时间,因而这种切割被破坏了。

Ma说,了解到这一点后,科学家们能够潜在地在数学上基于CRISPR-Cas9复合物在基因组位点上的停留时间长短,预测脱靶切割可能在何处发生。

Ma说,“我们仍然不知道CRISPR的规则。每个人都想知道当它被运送到活细胞中时将会发生什么。这项研究揭示了它的工作机制的一部分。”

原始出处

Hanhui Ma, Li-Chun Tu,2,* Ardalan Naseri,3 Maximiliaan Huisman,2 Shaojie Zhang,3 David Grunwald,2 and Thoru Pederson.CRISPR-Cas9 nuclear dynamics and target recognition in living cells.JCB.2016

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    2016-09-06 yuandd
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1969611, encodeId=916c196961182, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=11686525109' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#活细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65251, encryptionId=11686525109, topicName=活细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d275294, createdName=andy2087, createdTime=Wed Oct 19 10:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1967398, encodeId=290e196e398f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b5d24e893fa' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#工作机制#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47893, encryptionId=b5d24e893fa, topicName=工作机制)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Mon Jul 31 19:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275921, encodeId=1a9912e592161, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=755d5211a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5211, encryptionId=755d5211a0, topicName=CRISPR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Tue Sep 06 14:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1360431, encodeId=33bb13604316a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=99e5521532' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR-Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5215, encryptionId=99e5521532, topicName=CRISPR-Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=28b7142, createdName=liuquan, createdTime=Tue Sep 06 14:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1365024, encodeId=996a1365024f3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f66412ebd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4127, encryptionId=3f66412ebd, topicName=Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8346212, createdName=respect, createdTime=Tue Sep 06 14:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1455266, encodeId=51ed145526643, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ce8452137f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR-Cas#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5213, encryptionId=ce8452137f, topicName=CRISPR-Cas)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e8505649833, createdName=guihongzh, createdTime=Tue Sep 06 14:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1624794, encodeId=77211624e94fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0333412062' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4120, encryptionId=0333412062, topicName=Cas)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=411420689333, createdName=yaanren, createdTime=Tue Sep 06 14:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=111201, encodeId=3186111201de, content=阅读了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Mon Sep 05 09:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1969611, encodeId=916c196961182, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=11686525109' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#活细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65251, encryptionId=11686525109, topicName=活细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d275294, createdName=andy2087, createdTime=Wed Oct 19 10:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1967398, encodeId=290e196e398f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b5d24e893fa' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#工作机制#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47893, encryptionId=b5d24e893fa, topicName=工作机制)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Mon Jul 31 19:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275921, encodeId=1a9912e592161, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=755d5211a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5211, encryptionId=755d5211a0, topicName=CRISPR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Tue Sep 06 14:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1360431, encodeId=33bb13604316a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=99e5521532' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR-Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5215, encryptionId=99e5521532, topicName=CRISPR-Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=28b7142, createdName=liuquan, createdTime=Tue Sep 06 14:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1365024, encodeId=996a1365024f3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f66412ebd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4127, encryptionId=3f66412ebd, topicName=Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8346212, createdName=respect, createdTime=Tue Sep 06 14:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1455266, encodeId=51ed145526643, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ce8452137f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR-Cas#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5213, encryptionId=ce8452137f, topicName=CRISPR-Cas)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e8505649833, createdName=guihongzh, createdTime=Tue Sep 06 14:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1624794, encodeId=77211624e94fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0333412062' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4120, encryptionId=0333412062, topicName=Cas)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=411420689333, createdName=yaanren, createdTime=Tue Sep 06 14:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=111201, encodeId=3186111201de, content=阅读了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Mon Sep 05 09:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-06 respect
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    2016-09-06 yaanren
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    2016-09-05 刘煜

    阅读了。

    0

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