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非甾体抗炎药还能外用,你了解吗?

2017-11-09 高丽丽 医学之声

外用镇痛药的种类很多,包括外用发红剂、外用辣椒碱、外用麻醉剂和外用非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)。在所有外用镇痛药中,外用NSAIDs的疗效最为显著。



外用镇痛药的种类很多,包括外用发红剂、外用辣椒碱、外用麻醉剂和外用非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)。在所有外用镇痛药中,外用NSAIDs的疗效最为显著。

动态针分割线

口服NSAIDs已广泛用于肌肉骨骼系统疼痛的治疗,但因其潜在的消化道和心血管不良反应发生风险,故不可长期使用。

相比于口服途径,外用NSAIDs直接作用于病变部位皮肤,经皮肤渗透到达病痛组织而发挥镇痛作用,具有起效快、局部浓度高、系统暴露量少以及全身不良反应少等优势,更适合肌肉骨骼系统急、慢性疼痛的治疗。

主要药物

目前已经上市的外用NSAIDs包括双氯芬酸、酮洛芬、布洛芬等,剂型有凝胶剂、乳剂/膏、溶液剂、贴剂、喷雾剂等。

这些外用NSAIDs作用机制相似,但剂型有所不同,不同剂型的药代动力学特性各不相同,局部外用后其吸收和分布也有所差异,故临床疗效也存在一定区别。


外用NSAIDs选用原则及优势

选用原则

⑴外用NSAIDs具有明确的镇痛效果、良好的安全性和可耐受性,可用于急性肌肉骨骼系统疼痛(包括扭伤、拉伤及挫伤等)、慢性肌肉骨骼疾病(如骨关节炎、类风湿关节炎等)的疼痛治疗。

⑵外用NSAIDs可提供与口服NSAIDs相当的镇痛效果,是临床证据最充分、处方数量最多的外用镇痛药,可作为肌肉骨骼系统疾病所致轻至中度疼痛的一线治疗用药。

⑶若仅有局部轻至中度疼痛(急性疼痛或慢性疼痛的急性发作),可优先选用外用NSAIDs。

⑷外用NSAIDs可作为不能耐受口服NSAIDs或有口服NSAIDs禁忌的患者最佳选择之一。

⑸外用NSAIDs治疗手和膝骨关节炎时既可用于局部短期治疗,也可于口服NSAIDs之前作为初始治疗。中、重度骨关节炎疼痛患者可联合使用外用NSAIDs与口服NSAIDs。

优势

⑴外用NSAIDs主要在局部起效,可作为口服NSAIDs的局部增效剂。

一方面,可通过减少口服NSAIDs降低胃肠道等不良反应的发生风险;

另一方面,对口服NSAIDs疗效不佳的部位可加用外用NSAIDs以增强局部镇痛效果,达到最佳的治疗效果。

⑵外用NSAIDs一般患者耐受性良好,较少发生口服NSAIDs常见的全身不良反应。常见不良反应主要为用药部位轻度或一过性红斑、瘙痒、干燥和光敏性等。

⑶外用NSAIDs凝胶应用超声药物透入疗法,有助于促进其局部渗透和吸收,提高疗效。


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    2017-11-10 doctorJiangchao

    谢谢分享.

    0

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    2017-11-10 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注.

    0

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    2017-11-10 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习.

    0

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Stroke:高血压患者服用非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)增加卒中风险

已经有研究调查了脑血管事件发生风险与高危患者使用非甾体类抗炎药(NSAIDs)之间的关系,但研究很有限。该研究调查了使用选择性和非选择性非甾体类抗炎药短期内(30天内)对高血压患者的缺血性和出血性卒中风险的影响。 使用台湾国家健康保险研究数据库进行了一项病例交叉研究。该研究确定了来自2010年的1653患有卒中的高血压患者。调整了潜在混杂因素后利用条件逻辑评估了使用NSAIDs对卒中的影响。

Lancet:非甾体抗炎药对于肾绞痛患者能够持续有效阵痛

在急诊部门肾绞痛患者有着难以忍受的疼痛,需要在最短的时间内给予有效镇痛。原始出处:Sameer A Pathan, Biswadev Mitra,Lahn D Straney,et al.Delivering safe and effective analgesia for management of renal colic in the emergency department,Lancet,2

J Natl Cancer I:非甾体抗炎药给子宫内膜癌预后“会心一击”?

来自几项近期研究的一致数据均表明了结直肠癌患者中,阿司匹林和其他非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)的治疗获益。2017年5月,发表在《J Natl Cancer Inst》的一项由美国科学家进行的研究考察了NSAID与子宫内膜癌死亡和复发的相关性。请看本期多学科讨论组临床药师各抒己见为您梳理本文看点——背景:近期数据表明,使用NSAID与子宫内膜癌风险降低相关,然而非常少的研究考察了子宫内膜癌患者使用N

J Rheumatol:糖皮质激素或非甾体类抗炎药治疗急性痛风的比较

没有证据表明糖皮质激素和NSAID在缓解急性痛风的疼痛中有不同疗效,但糖皮质激素似乎对现有RCT中所分析的不良事件具有更好的安全性。

JAMA:使用非甾体抗炎药降低结直肠癌患病风险

相当多的证据表明使用阿司匹林和其他的非甾体抗炎药物与罹患结肠直肠癌的更低的风险有关。但是,在这一联系背后所隐藏的机制尚未为人所知。常规使用阿司匹林或者其他非甾体现在并未被推荐用来预防癌症,这是由于对这一方案的风险尚不确定。因此,了解基因包机无和非甾体抗炎药的使用之间的内在关系(基因×环境相互作用)可以帮助确证使用非甾体抗炎药是否可以降低罹患结直肠癌的风险。 在此次病例对照研究中,研究人员使用

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