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郭艺芳教授解析2015台湾高血压管理指南

2015-01-06 河北省人民医院 郭艺芳 郭艺芳微博

2015年台湾高血压管理指南刚刚正式颁布。虽然这一指南的国际影响远逊于欧美日等国家学术机构所颁布的指南,但其制定过程中更多考虑到了包括我国大陆与台湾在内的亚洲国家具体情况,故仍有一定参考价值。 链接:台湾TSOC/THS发布2015版高血压管理指南(全文+图表) 首先,该指南对于已经发生靶器官损害或并发其他疾病的高血压患者继续建议予以更为严格的血压控制。对于一般高血压患者,其目标值

2015年台湾高血压管理指南刚刚正式颁布。虽然这一指南的国际影响远逊于欧美日等国家学术机构所颁布的指南,但其制定过程中更多考虑到了包括我国大陆与台湾在内的亚洲国家具体情况,故仍有一定参考价值。

链接:台湾TSOC/THS发布2015版高血压管理指南(全文+图表)

首先,该指南对于已经发生靶器官损害或并发其他疾病的高血压患者继续建议予以更为严格的血压控制。对于一般高血压患者,其目标值为<140/90mmHg,卒中或慢性肾病患者的降压目标也是<140/90mmHg;对于合并冠心病、糖尿病或蛋白尿性肾病的患者,其血压控制目标为<130/80mmHg;≥80岁高龄患者的目标值为<150/90mmHg。目前国内外关于糖尿病患者的降压目标值存在很大争议,台湾指南对此采取了与日本指南相同的建议,这主要考虑到亚洲地区卒中高发的流行病学背景。

其次,对β受体阻滞剂(BB)的临床地位进行了重新评价。近年来,国内外对于BB是否适用于无合并症的高血压患者的一线治疗存在较大争议,英国、美国、日本、加拿大等国的指南均不同程度的下调了BB的临床地位。更新后的台湾指南认为,除阿替洛尔外,其他种类的BB在高血压治疗中仍是一种可供选择的降压药物,尤其适用于冠心病、陈旧性心肌梗死以及心率较快(≥80次/分)者。这是首部将阿替洛尔与其他种类BB区别对待的高血压指南。

此外,新指南重新推荐了各类降压药物的优先选择适应证,具体建议如下:CCB(无症状性动脉粥样硬化、冠心病[仅限长效CCB]、卒中、外周动脉疾病、单纯收缩期高血压),ACEI(微量白蛋白尿、陈旧心梗、冠心病、心衰、卒中、慢性肾病、糖尿病代谢综合征),ARB(左心室肥厚、微量白蛋白尿、陈旧心梗、冠心病、心衰、卒中、慢性肾病、糖尿病、单纯收缩期高血压、代谢综合征),BB(陈旧心梗、冠心病、心衰),利尿剂(心衰、卒中、慢性肾病、单纯收缩期高血压)。由此可见,新版指南继续延续了2010版台湾高血压指南的特点,对ARB类药物的适应证做出了最为广泛的推荐。

对于两药联合的方案,新指南推荐了以下5种组合:ACEI+CCB、ARB+CCB、ACEI+利尿剂、ARB+利尿剂、CCB+BB。对于需要三药联合治疗者,该指南推荐应用ACEI(ARB)+CCB+噻嗪类利尿剂。该指南认为,以下联合方案是不合理的:ACEI+ARB、ACEI(或ARB)+阿利吉仑、BB+利尿剂(心衰除外)。

对于难治性高血压患者,该指南认为应注意以下情况:血压测量不准确,未进行有效的生活方式干预(摄盐过多、体重控制不理想、酗酒),应用具有升压作用的药物(如可卡因、拟交感神经药物、糖皮质激素、非甾体类抗炎药等),阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征,未发现的继发性高血压,不可逆性靶器官损害,容量负荷增重(利尿剂治疗不充分、进行性肾功能减退、高钠摄入、醛固酮增多症)。


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    2015-11-14 hongbochen
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    2015-01-15 MedSci客户端网友

    管理指南

    0

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