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JACC+Circulation:首批!两篇论文共同证明:“魔剪”CRISPR可准确评估心脏病基因检测结果

2018-06-28 浮苏 生物探索

尽管DNA检测变得越来越快速、廉价和容易,但检测结果有时仍模棱两可,例如一些具有不确定意义的基因变异会阻碍对疾病风险的准确评估,心脏病亦是如此。现在,来自斯坦福大学的一个研究团队表明,他们已经开发出一种技术,可揭示某种基因变异是否会导致心脏猝死,从而大大减少了患者不必要的担心。

论文一:CRISPR基因编辑确诊长QT综合征

6月26日,发表在JACC杂志题为“Genome Editing of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Decipher Cardiac Channelopathy Variant”的论文中, 资深作者Joseph C. Wu博士和通讯作者和Priyanka Garg博士他们讨论了如何使用先进的基因编辑工具和干细胞技术来确定一名39岁患有这些神秘突变之一的患者是否面临着发生一种心脏病(称为长QT综合征long QT syndrome的心律失常)的高风险。这种心律失常会导致心跳不稳、晕厥和心脏猝死。

Wu指出,这也是利用干细胞和基因组学进行精准心血管医疗的首批案例之一。

具体来说,这位患有心悸和头晕病史的病人联系了一位对这些症状存在担忧的医生。患者家族史显示,他有一个因踢足球而死于心脏病的堂弟,一个有晕厥史的兄弟和一个有四个兄弟的祖父,并在40岁前突然去世。医生对患者做了几项心电图检查以测试心功能。

在最终定论之前,他的医生选择了谨慎的态度,并给病人开了β受体阻滞剂(一种常用于治疗轻度长QT综合征的药物)。另外,基因测试显示患者对KCNH2基因有不确定的变异。这一结果令人担忧,因为已知该基因上的其他几个突变会导致长QT综合征2型,这是该疾病最常见的类型之一。

随后,病人被转介给Wu和他的同事,以确定这一变异是致病的还是良性的。

首先,研究人员从患者的血液细胞中诱导了多能干细胞——即iPS细胞,它可以发育成任何类型的细胞。通过将iPS细胞分化成心肌细胞(也就是在培养皿中像心脏一样自发跳动的心脏细胞),他们掌握了病人的确切基因组成,包括KCNH2基因的变异。

这些(培养的)细胞可用于各种测试,包括许多对患者自身不可行的测试。因此也被研究人员形象地称为“培养皿中的疾病”(disease in a dish)或“培养皿中的病人”( patient in a dish)。

Garg说:“生成病人特有的iPS心脏细胞的优点是,不必对病人使用任何侵入性程序来获得细胞。你可以在一个培养皿中生成病人的心脏细胞,然后通过一个简单的血液样本去研究它们。”

接下来,研究人员使用CRISPR基因编辑工具来纠正KCNH2基因中的一个缺陷核苷酸突变,并将同样的缺陷核苷酸引入健康对照基因。

对带有突变的心脏细胞进行的测试显示,与健康患者的细胞相比,长QT综合征具有显着特征,包括延迟心跳的电干扰和轻度心律失常倾向。而在突变被关闭的以及健康患者的细胞测试中,未观察到这些结果。

最终,研究人员证实,该患者确实患有轻度的长QT综合征。

论文二 :CRISPR基因编辑确诊良性突变

6月18日,另一篇由Wu为主要作者发表在《循环》杂志题为“Determining the Pathogenicity of a Genomic Variant of Uncertain Significance Using CRISPR/Cas9 and Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells” 的文章中,研究人员继续使用CRISPR基因编辑和干细胞技术来确定一种意义不明的变异,之前医生曾担心这种变异可能是肥厚型心肌病的征兆,但随后被该团队证明是良性的。

吴指出,使用这些相同的方法来确定两个不同的患者是否面临两种完全不同疾病的风险,这表明CRISPR平台是一个有前途的风险评估工具,可以评估一般不确定意义的变异。

他总结道:“这些研究的结果令我特别兴奋,因为我们使用精准的健康方法满足了病人未被满足的需求。这意味着我们现在有能力更深入地告诉患者,某些不确定意义的变异到底意味着什么。"

原始出处:

Priyanka Garg, Angelos Oikonomopoulos, Haodong Chen, et al. Genome Editing of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Decipher Cardiac Channelopathy Variant. Journal of the American College of Cardiology July 03, 2018, 72 (1) 62-75; DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.04.041.

Ning Ma, Joe Zhang, Ilanit Itzhaki, et al. Determining the Pathogenicity of a Genomic Variant of Uncertain Significance Using CRISPR/Cas9 and Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Circulation. 2018;CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032273.

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    2019-02-18 hbwxf
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    2018-06-30 yuandd
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    2018-06-28 1e17414fm02(暂无匿称)

    学习

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