Baidu
map

小儿口底颅脑贯通伤继发性困难气道麻醉管理1例

2019-07-17 钟良 卢燕 余静 国际麻醉学与复苏杂志

女,1岁5个月,体重10kg,跌倒时木筷戳入上腭3.5h急诊入院。无呕吐、发热,诉少量出血,既往史无特殊。入院体格检查:神志清楚,脉搏127次/min,呼吸频率30次/min,BP检测不配合,余未见异常。头颅CT示:口腔至右侧后颅窝条索状异物影,长约93mm,直径约4mm,途经右咽旁及破裂孔颈静脉球旁,深入右侧小脑半球约18mm,远端可见小脑斑片出血影;腺样体大,鼻甲大。胸部X线、ECG及实验室检

1.一般资料
 
女,1岁5个月,体重10kg,跌倒时木筷戳入上腭3.5h急诊入院。无呕吐、发热,诉少量出血,既往史无特殊。入院体格检查:神志清楚,脉搏127次/min,呼吸频率30次/min,BP检测不配合,余未见异常。头颅CT示:口腔至右侧后颅窝条索状异物影,长约93mm,直径约4mm,途经右咽旁及破裂孔颈静脉球旁,深入右侧小脑半球约18mm,远端可见小脑斑片出血影;腺样体大,鼻甲大。胸部X线、ECG及实验室检查未见明显异常。
 
检查患儿伤口:一根木筷位于左上腭伤口内,木筷尾端外露于口外长约50mm,上腭伤口未见活动性出血。给予患儿口腔内吸引和鼻导管吸氧等处理,拟于全身麻醉下行颅内异物取出术。
 
术前给予阿托品(生产批号:17051010,芜湖康奇制药有限公司)0.1mg,入室时已开放外周静脉通路。体格检查:昏迷,Glasgow昏迷评分8分,急性病容,低枕平卧位。自主呼吸,吸氧下SpO2 89%,HR172次/min,呼吸频率24次/min,BP111mmHg/69mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)。双肺呼吸音对称,未闻及干湿啰音,四肢肌张力无增高。
 
由于木筷露于口外长度约50mm,无法常规面罩通气,故在2号面罩顺应木筷走向方位打孔,使筷体穿过面罩并以纱布缠绕填塞木筷与面罩间缝隙。经面罩吸入纯氧后SpO2升至99%。采用保留自主呼吸静吸复合麻醉诱导:静脉注射芬太尼(生产批号:1171006,宜昌人福药业有限责任公司)0.015mg,预充回路后面罩吸入8%七氟醚(生产批号:73111,丸石制药株式会社,日本)4min。患儿HR134次/min,呼吸频率15次/min,BP89mmHg/57mmHg。
 
助手以拇指和示指压迫环状软骨于椎体,主治麻醉医师以纤维支气管镜引导气管插管,顺利避让筷体,成功置入内径4.0mm的加强型气管导管。套囊充气并静脉贯序给予顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵(生产批号:170628AK,江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司)1mg、芬太尼0.015mg,缓慢推注异丙酚(生产批号:X17065B,阿斯利康制药有限公司,瑞典)30mg。
 
麻醉诱导、插管及固定导管过程中患儿无呛咳,无体动,HR、BP平稳。随后行左股静脉穿刺置管及右足背动脉穿刺置管测压。术中采用静吸复合麻醉维持:瑞芬太尼(生产批号:6170713,宜昌人福药业有限责任公司)0.2μg·kg-1·min-1、异丙酚6~8mg·kg-1·h-1持续静脉输注,1.5%七氟醚持续吸入及间断静脉注射顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵。术中去骨瓣后发现硬脑膜张力高,切开后引流出较多脑脊液;颅内病灶清理顺利,出血较少。但拔除筷子时出现快速大量出血约200ml,术者考虑颈内静脉壁损伤,予明胶海绵填塞和周围组织缝合止血。
 
患儿术中BP波动在正常范围,尿量120ml;术中补充乳酸林格液(生产批号:1709291703,石家庄四药有限公司)150ml、羟乙基淀粉130/0.4氯化钠注射液(生产批号:1706291,南京正大天晴制药有限公司)100ml,输注1U洗涤红细胞。术毕带气管导管返回神经外科监护室。术后8h拔除气管导管,无麻醉相关并发症发生。患儿因并发颅内病灶感染,抗感染治疗4周后痊愈出院,3个月后随访无特殊。
 
2.讨论
 
儿童创伤性脑损伤常见且病死率较高。口底颅脑贯通伤继发困难气道病例罕见。本例患儿术前评估面临的风险包括:
 
①入院清醒但入室时Glasgow评分8分,提示病程进展快。小儿血容量少,神经系统对BP、呼吸调节能力差,对缺血、缺氧耐受力差。
 
②木筷外露口外过长,无法面罩通气,且筷体走行沿左嘴角进入口腔,经由右咽部进入咽旁间隙,紧邻破裂孔颈静脉球旁并贯穿颅底进入右侧小脑半球。筷体直接阻挡常规硬质镜片置入。更重要的是不宜调整筷体走行方向,而贸然拔出木筷又可能引起口腔内活动性出血或继发颅内大出血,危及患儿生命。属于不能面罩通气和声门无法常规显露的困难气道情况。
 
③患儿为进食时跌倒,需按饱处理。所以不宜采用常规去氮给氧快速诱导;昏迷情况下表面麻醉又因患儿不配合,可能引起躁动、呕吐误吸,也不适用。
 
针对以上情况,完善术前评估并综合分析后,采用前述麻醉管理方案:①改造后的面罩解决了筷子不能拔除和不便于截断的难题,使得预给氧和吸入诱导可行,也使得气管插管更为从容。②采用纤维支气管镜引导插管可最大程度减少头颈部活动,避免二次损伤,且便于检查咽部损伤情况。③采用静吸复合诱导,充分利用七氟醚潮气量法诱导速度快,诱导过程平稳,较少发生呛咳、屏气和喉痉挛等副作用的特点;辅以小剂量芬太尼减轻气道反应,同时减少恶心、呕吐等副作用的发生。④采用环状软骨压迫法降低反流误吸可能。⑤备选应急方案,包括紧急情况下拔除筷子后常规气管插管,大口径硬质吸引器、填塞纱布球和可视喉镜备用等。最终麻醉和手术过程顺利,患儿结局良好。或许本案例处理方案并非最佳,但充分评估气道、团队配合、合理改造与选择气道工具和选择适宜的麻醉诱导方案是本例麻醉管理成功的关键。此外,本例病例也提示,掌握神经系统解剖可能更利于此类患儿麻醉方案的制定。
 
原始出处:

钟良,卢燕,余静, 等.小儿口底颅脑贯通伤继发性困难气道麻醉管理1例[J].国际麻醉学与复苏杂志,2018,(7):663-664. 

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (4)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1724498, encodeId=a7a41e2449825, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=78ece8958b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#继发#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78958, encryptionId=78ece8958b2, topicName=继发)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=499d33645837, createdName=feifers, createdTime=Sat Apr 11 02:03:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1952683, encodeId=d66619526834a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a37ce8961a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#继发性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78961, encryptionId=a37ce8961a1, topicName=继发性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2317301, createdName=xzw113, createdTime=Sun Nov 24 22:03:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1997511, encodeId=eeba199e511e8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b4569246e07' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#贯通伤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92467, encryptionId=b4569246e07, topicName=贯通伤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=512a199, createdName=lilianxiang, createdTime=Tue Apr 28 02:03:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1395263, encodeId=248613952636c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=14b3406149a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#困难气道#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40614, encryptionId=14b3406149a, topicName=困难气道)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=636e2500187, createdName=12498da4m32(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Jul 19 13:03:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-04-11 feifers
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1724498, encodeId=a7a41e2449825, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=78ece8958b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#继发#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78958, encryptionId=78ece8958b2, topicName=继发)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=499d33645837, createdName=feifers, createdTime=Sat Apr 11 02:03:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1952683, encodeId=d66619526834a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a37ce8961a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#继发性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78961, encryptionId=a37ce8961a1, topicName=继发性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2317301, createdName=xzw113, createdTime=Sun Nov 24 22:03:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1997511, encodeId=eeba199e511e8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b4569246e07' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#贯通伤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92467, encryptionId=b4569246e07, topicName=贯通伤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=512a199, createdName=lilianxiang, createdTime=Tue Apr 28 02:03:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1395263, encodeId=248613952636c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=14b3406149a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#困难气道#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40614, encryptionId=14b3406149a, topicName=困难气道)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=636e2500187, createdName=12498da4m32(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Jul 19 13:03:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-11-24 xzw113
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1724498, encodeId=a7a41e2449825, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=78ece8958b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#继发#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78958, encryptionId=78ece8958b2, topicName=继发)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=499d33645837, createdName=feifers, createdTime=Sat Apr 11 02:03:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1952683, encodeId=d66619526834a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a37ce8961a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#继发性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78961, encryptionId=a37ce8961a1, topicName=继发性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2317301, createdName=xzw113, createdTime=Sun Nov 24 22:03:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1997511, encodeId=eeba199e511e8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b4569246e07' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#贯通伤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92467, encryptionId=b4569246e07, topicName=贯通伤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=512a199, createdName=lilianxiang, createdTime=Tue Apr 28 02:03:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1395263, encodeId=248613952636c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=14b3406149a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#困难气道#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40614, encryptionId=14b3406149a, topicName=困难气道)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=636e2500187, createdName=12498da4m32(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Jul 19 13:03:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1724498, encodeId=a7a41e2449825, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=78ece8958b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#继发#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78958, encryptionId=78ece8958b2, topicName=继发)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=499d33645837, createdName=feifers, createdTime=Sat Apr 11 02:03:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1952683, encodeId=d66619526834a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a37ce8961a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#继发性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78961, encryptionId=a37ce8961a1, topicName=继发性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2317301, createdName=xzw113, createdTime=Sun Nov 24 22:03:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1997511, encodeId=eeba199e511e8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b4569246e07' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#贯通伤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92467, encryptionId=b4569246e07, topicName=贯通伤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=512a199, createdName=lilianxiang, createdTime=Tue Apr 28 02:03:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1395263, encodeId=248613952636c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=14b3406149a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#困难气道#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40614, encryptionId=14b3406149a, topicName=困难气道)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=636e2500187, createdName=12498da4m32(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Jul 19 13:03:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]

相关资讯

病例:内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗小儿胃重复畸形

患儿,女,5个月,因"发现胃内囊肿5个月余"入院。5个月余前患儿于胎儿期(母亲孕40周)在当地医院超声检查提示胃腔内囊肿,患儿出生后精神、食欲可,生长发育正常,无吐奶、呛奶,无腹胀、腹泻,无发热、乏力等表现,近期无咳嗽、流涕、气喘,大小便正常。

小儿支气管异物取出术中异物形成单向活瓣致心率下降1例

患儿,女性,13个月,体重10kg,诊断为左侧支气管异物,病程3d,异物为熟鸡蛋,拟急诊静吸复合麻醉联合气管内表面麻醉下行支气管镜气管异物取出术。

小儿头部犬咬伤合并脑脊液漏一期缝合2例

病例1:男,15个月,自家土犬咬伤头部、颜面部,伤口6处,最大18.0 cm,伴有头皮撕脱伤;最小0.5 cm,小伤口近中线位置伤口见脑脊液流出。头颅CT:颅内积气,额骨凹陷骨折,脑挫裂伤,硬膜下血肿。

Neuro-Oncology:科学家开发出小儿脑瘤新疗法 联合用药可减缓肿瘤生长并克服耐药性

美国科学家日前发现,在实验室和小鼠模型中,一种针对具有耐药性且易复发的低级别胶质瘤的联合治疗方案,能够减缓肿瘤生长速度并杀死肿瘤细胞。

小儿中枢镇咳药二氧丙嗪中毒 该如何解救?

二氧丙嗪(Prothanon)又称双氧异丙嗪(Dioxopromethazine hydrochloride)为中枢镇咳药,能直接抑制延髓咳嗽中枢,有较强的镇咳作用。其10mg的镇咳效果相当于可待因15mg。同时具有抗组织胺、解除平滑肌痉挛及抗炎作用。

腹腔镜下小儿食管裂孔疝修补术麻醉管理1例

患儿女,年龄4个月,体重7kg,因“咳嗽3天”于2016年9月28日入院。咳剧时面色涨红,有咳吐1次,非喷射性,伴喉头痰鸣及进食后恶心,无喘息、气促、呼吸困难。专科检查:咽稍充血,两肺呼吸音粗,闻及中等痰鸣音;心音中等,律齐,未闻及杂音;腹软,肝脾未触及肿大。

Baidu
map
Baidu
map
Baidu
map