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学习障碍患者covid-19住院和死亡的风险高

2021-07-18 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

学习障碍患者因covid-19入院和死亡的风险明显增加,高于非covid死因的风险。有必要及时获得covid-19检测和医疗保健,并应考虑优先接种covid-19疫苗和其他有针对性的预防措施。

识别新冠肺炎严重后果的高风险群体对于风险分层至关重要,这为疫苗优先考虑倡议和其他有针对性的预防措施提供了信息。仅在英国就有100多万学习障碍者,占成年人口的2%。学习障碍者智力能力较低(通常智商<70),社会和适应功能受损,发病于儿童时期。学习障碍通常被划分为一个很大的严重范围(轻度、中度、严重或严重),因此支持需求的强度也大不相同。

Elizabeth J Williamson等在BMJ杂志发表研究文章,评估了英国成人和儿童学习障碍与因covid-19感染入院和死亡风险之间的关系。

该研究的目的是使用OpenSafety平台内的链接电子健康记录,与普通人群相比,快速描述英国学习障碍儿童和成人中与covid-19相关的住院和死亡风险。另一个辅助目标是按学习障碍类型(学习障碍登记簿上的严重到超严重、脑瘫、唐氏综合征)来区分风险,包括最初未列入英国第一阶段疫苗接种优先名单前六组的学习障碍患者。

参与者来自两个队列的成人(16-105岁)和儿童(<16岁):第1波(自2020年3月1日起在TPP机构注册,随访至2020年8月31日);第2波(2020年9月1日注册,2021年2月8日结束)。主要暴露组由全科学习障碍登记册上的人员组成;一个亚组被定义为那些有明显或严重的学习障碍。并鉴定唐氏综合征和脑瘫患者(无论他们是否在学习障碍登记册上)。主要观察指标为Covid-19相关入院和Covid-19相关死亡。另外探讨了非covid-19死亡。纳入了第1波感染的114312023名16岁以上的成人,其中90307人(0.63%)有学习障碍登记。在登记的成人中,有538人(0.6%)有covid-19相关入院;共有222例(0.25%)covid-19相关死亡和602例(0.7%)非covid相关死亡。在未登记的成年人中,29781例(0.2%)有covid-19相关入院;一共有13737例(0.1%)covid-19相关死亡和69837例(0.5%)非covid死亡。第1波感染中,学习障碍登记的成人(根据年龄、性别、种族和地理位置调整)与covid-19相关的住院风险比为5.3(95%可信区间4.9至5.8),与covid-19相关的死亡风险比为8.2(7.2至9.4)。对第二波感染患者也进行了类似的估计。

两波感染中年龄≥16岁的成年人与covid-19相关的累计死亡、与covid-19相关的住院和死亡(95%置信区间)。

严重至明显学习障碍的人群中,以及在住院护理人群中,关联性更强。唐氏综合征和脑瘫与两种事件的危险增加相关;更大程度上是唐氏综合症。非covid死亡的危险比遵循类似的模式,但关联性较弱。在儿童中也发现了相对风险增加的类似模式,但与covid-19相关的死亡和住院情况罕见,反映出儿童中的发病率较低。

该研究显示,与普通人群相比,所有学习障碍人群入院和死亡的风险都更高。一般来说,第1波和第2波的危险比模式是一致的。对于住院和死亡,第2波的关联性比第1波稍微弱一些。此外,与轻度至中度学习障碍相比,重度至超重度学习障碍患者的风险更高,这不能用测量的身体共病或住院护理状况来解释。然而,轻度至中度学习障碍患者的绝对死亡人数更高。对于唐氏综合征或脑瘫患者,学习障碍患者风险更高。与普通人群相比,在学习障碍登记中没有唐氏综合征或脑瘫的人仍然有更高的风险。这一观察结果不能用测量的身体共病或住院护理状况来解释。在排除了优先接种疫苗的人群(由于年龄或共病,英格兰第一阶段疫苗接种优先名单的前六组)之后,那些有学习障碍的人仍然有显著增加的与covid-19相关的住院风险。学习障碍患者非covid死亡的风险较高,尽管与covid-19相关死亡的相关性较弱。这一发现与大多数其他与covid-19相关死亡和非covid死亡具有相似关联程度的危险因素形成对比。

学习障碍患者因covid-19入院和死亡的风险明显增加,高于非covid死因的风险。对于这一弱势群体,有必要及时获得covid-19检测和医疗保健,并应考虑优先接种covid-19疫苗和其他有针对性的预防措施。

原文出处

Williamson E J, McDonald H I, Bhaskaran K, Walker A J, Bacon S, Davy S et al. Risks of covid-19 hospital admission and death for people with learning disability: population based cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform BMJ 2021; 374 :n1592 doi:10.1136/bmj.n1592

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    2021-07-18 147fd2dfm17暂无昵称

    学习

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    2021-07-18 ms9000001698161719

    学习了

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    2021-07-18 学医无涯

    病毒 神经相互影响

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    2021-07-18 12479909m63暂无昵称

    无法学习正确保护自己

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